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Fix refguide indexterms mucking with manpage again. Fixes #463 [ci skip]
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docs/nmap.1
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docs/nmap.1
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.\" Title: nmap
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.\" Author: [see the "Author" section]
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.\" Generator: DocBook XSL Stylesheets v1.78.1 <http://docbook.sf.net/>
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.\" Date: 07/19/2016
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.\" Date: 07/22/2016
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.\" Manual: Nmap Reference Guide
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.\" Source: Nmap
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.\" Language: English
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.\"
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.TH "NMAP" "1" "07/19/2016" "Nmap" "Nmap Reference Guide"
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.TH "NMAP" "1" "07/22/2016" "Nmap" "Nmap Reference Guide"
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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.\" * Define some portability stuff
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.\" -----------------------------------------------------------------
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@@ -729,32 +729,38 @@ filtered\&.
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.PP
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\fBThe six port states recognized by Nmap\fR
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.PP
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.\" open port state open
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open
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.\" open port state
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.RS 4
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An application is actively accepting TCP connections, UDP datagrams or SCTP associations on this port\&. Finding these is often the primary goal of port scanning\&. Security\-minded people know that each open port is an avenue for attack\&. Attackers and pen\-testers want to exploit the open ports, while administrators try to close or protect them with firewalls without thwarting legitimate users\&. Open ports are also interesting for non\-security scans because they show services available for use on the network\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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.\" closed port state closed
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closed
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.\" closed port state
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.RS 4
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A closed port is accessible (it receives and responds to Nmap probe packets), but there is no application listening on it\&. They can be helpful in showing that a host is up on an IP address (host discovery, or ping scanning), and as part of OS detection\&. Because closed ports are reachable, it may be worth scanning later in case some open up\&. Administrators may want to consider blocking such ports with a firewall\&. Then they would appear in the filtered state, discussed next\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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.\" filtered port state filtered
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filtered
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.\" filtered port state
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.RS 4
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Nmap cannot determine whether the port is open because packet filtering prevents its probes from reaching the port\&. The filtering could be from a dedicated firewall device, router rules, or host\-based firewall software\&. These ports frustrate attackers because they provide so little information\&. Sometimes they respond with ICMP error messages such as type 3 code 13 (destination unreachable: communication administratively prohibited), but filters that simply drop probes without responding are far more common\&. This forces Nmap to retry several times just in case the probe was dropped due to network congestion rather than filtering\&. This slows down the scan dramatically\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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.\" unfiltered port state unfiltered
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unfiltered
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.\" unfiltered port state
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.RS 4
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The unfiltered state means that a port is accessible, but Nmap is unable to determine whether it is open or closed\&. Only the ACK scan, which is used to map firewall rulesets, classifies ports into this state\&. Scanning unfiltered ports with other scan types such as Window scan, SYN scan, or FIN scan, may help resolve whether the port is open\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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.\" open|filtered port state open|filtered
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open|filtered
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.\" open|filtered port state
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.RS 4
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Nmap places ports in this state when it is unable to determine whether a port is open or filtered\&. This occurs for scan types in which open ports give no response\&. The lack of response could also mean that a packet filter dropped the probe or any response it elicited\&. So Nmap does not know for sure whether the port is open or being filtered\&. The UDP, IP protocol, FIN, NULL, and Xmas scans classify ports this way\&.
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.RE
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.PP
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.\" closed|filtered port state closed|filtered
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closed|filtered
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.\" closed|filtered port state
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.RS 4
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This state is used when Nmap is unable to determine whether a port is closed or filtered\&. It is only used for the IP ID idle scan\&.
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.RE
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