diff --git a/CHANGELOG b/CHANGELOG index e63ec4d61..d3df9bd61 100644 --- a/CHANGELOG +++ b/CHANGELOG @@ -1,12 +1,38 @@ # Nmap Changelog ($Id$) -o Fixed crash when Nmap is compiled using gcc 4.X by adding the - --fno-strict-aliasing option when that compiler is detected. Thanks - to Greg Darke (starstuff(a)optusnet.com.au) for discovering that - this option fixes (hides) the problem and to Duilio J. Protti - (dprotti(a)flowgate.net) for writing the configure patch to detect - gcc 4 and add the option. A better fix is to identify and rewrite - lines that violate C99 alias rules, and we are looking into that. +o Added the ability for Nmap to send and properly route raw ethernet + packets cointaining IP datagrams rather than always sending the + packets via raw sockets. This is particularly useful for Windows, + since Microsoft has disabled raw socket support in XP for no good + reason. Nmap tries to choose the best method at runtime based on + platform, though you can override it with the new --send_eth and + --send_ip options. + +o Added ARP scanning (-PR). Nmap can now send raw ethernet ARP requests to + determine whether hosts on a LAN are up, rather than relying on + higher-level IP packets (which can only be sent after a successful + ARP request and reply anyway). This is much faster and more + reliable (not subject to IP-level firewalling) than IP-based probes. + The downside is that it only works when the target machine is on the + same LAN as the scanning machine. It is now used automatically for + any hosts that are detected to be on a local ethernet network, + unless --send_ip was specified. Example usage: nmap -sP -PR + 192.168.0.0/16 . + +o Added the --spoof_mac option, which asks Nmap to use the given MAC + address for all of the raw ethernet frames it sends. The MAC given + can take several formats. If it is simply the string "0", Nmap + chooses a completely random MAC for the session. If the given + string is an even number of hex digits (with the pairs optionally + separated by a colon), Nmap will use those as the MAC. If less than + 12 hex digits are provided, Nmap fills in the remainder of the 6 + bytes with random values. If the argument isn't a 0 or hex string, + Nmap looks through the nmap-mac-prefixes to find a vendor name + containing the given string (it is case insensitive). If a match is + found, Nmap uses the vendor's OUI (3-byte prefix) and fills out the + remaining 3 bytes randomly. Valid --spoof_mac argument examples are + "Apple", "0", "01:02:03:04:05:06", "deadbeefcafe", "0020F2", and + "Cisco". o Applied an enormous nmap-service-probes (version detection) update from SoC student Doug Hoyte (doug(a)hcsw.org). Version 3.81 had @@ -16,6 +42,59 @@ o Applied an enormous nmap-service-probes (version detection) update accurate. Thanks also go to the (literally) thousands of you who submitted service fingerprints. Keep them coming! +o Applied a massive OS fingerprint update from Zhao Lei + (zhaolei(a)gmail.com). About 350 fingerprints were added, and many + more were updated. Notable additions include Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger), + OpenBSD 3.7, FreeBSD 5.4, Windows Server 2003 SP1, Sony AIBO (along + with a new "robotic pet" device type category), the latest Linux 2.6 + kernels Cisco routers with IOS 12.4, a ton of VoIP devices, Tru64 + UNIX 5.1B, new Fortinet firewalls, AIX 5.3, NetBSD 2.0, Nokia IPSO + 3.8.X, and Solaris 10. Of course there are also tons of new + broadband routers, printers, WAPs and pretty much any other device + you can coax an ethernet cable (or wireless card) into! + +o Added 'leet ASCII art to the confugrator! ARTIST NOTE: If you think + the ASCII art sucks, feel free to send me alternatives. Note that + only people compiling the UNIX source code get this. (ASCII artist + unknown). + +o Nmap on Windows now compiles/links with the new WinPcap 3.1 + header/lib files. So please upgrade to 3.1 from + http://www.winpcap.org before installing this version of Nmap. + While older versions may still work, they aren't supported with Nmap. + +o Nmap distribution signing has changed. Release files are now signed + with a new Nmap Project GPG key (KeyID 6B9355D0). Fyodor has also + generated a new key for himself (KeyID 33599B5F). The Nmap key has + been signed by Fyodor's new key, which has been signed by Fyodor's + old key so that you know they are legit. The new keys are available + at http://www.insecure.org/nmap/data/nmap_gpgkeys.txt , as + docs/nmap_gpgkeys.txt in the Nmap source tarball, and on the public + keyserver network. Here are the fingerprints: + pub 1024D/33599B5F 2005-04-24 + Key fingerprint = BB61 D057 C0D7 DCEF E730 996C 1AF6 EC50 3359 9B5F + uid Fyodor + sub 2048g/D3C2241C 2005-04-24 + + pub 1024D/6B9355D0 2005-04-24 + Key fingerprint = 436D 66AB 9A79 8425 FDA0 E3F8 01AF 9F03 6B93 55D0 + uid Nmap Project Signing Key (http://www.insecure.org/) + sub 2048g/A50A6A94 2005-04-24 + +o Fixed a crash problem related to non-portable varargs (vsnprintf) + usage. Reports of this crash came from Alan William Somers + (somers(a)its.caltech.edu) and Christophe (chris.branch(a)gmx.de). + This patch was prevalent on Linux boxes running an Opteron/Athlon64 + CPU in 64-bit mode. + +o Fixed crash when Nmap is compiled using gcc 4.X by adding the + --fno-strict-aliasing option when that compiler is detected. Thanks + to Greg Darke (starstuff(a)optusnet.com.au) for discovering that + this option fixes (hides) the problem and to Duilio J. Protti + (dprotti(a)flowgate.net) for writing the configure patch to detect + gcc 4 and add the option. A better fix is to identify and rewrite + lines that violate C99 alias rules, and we are looking into that. + o Added "rarity" feature to Nmap version detection. This causes obscure probes to be skipped when they are unlikely to help. Each probe now has a "rarity" value. Probes that detect dozens of @@ -55,6 +134,13 @@ o Fixed crash with certain --excludefile or (dprotti(a)flowgate.net) for debugging the issue and sending the patch. +o Updated random scan (ip_is_reserved()) to reflect the latest IANA + assignments. This patch was sent in by Felix Groebert + (felix(a)groebert.org). + +o Included new Russian man page translation by + locco_bozi(a)Safe-mail.net + o Applied pach from Steve Martin (smartin(a)stillsecure.com) which standardizes many OS names and corrects typos in nmap-os-fingerprints. @@ -77,74 +163,18 @@ o Fixed an Nmap version detection crash on Windows which led to the o Fixed some misspellings in docs/nmap.xml reported by Tom Sellers (TSellers(a)trustmark.com). -o Updated random scan (ip_is_reserved()) to reflect the latest IANA - assignments. This patch was sent in by Felix Groebert - (felix(a)groebert.org). - o Applied some changes from Gisle Vanem (giva(a)bgnett.no) to make Nmap compile with Cygwin. o XML "osmatch" element now has a "line" attribute giving the reference fingerprint line number in nmap-os-fingerprints. -Nmap 3.84ALPHA1 - -o Added the ability for Nmap to send and properly route raw ethernet - packets cointaining IP datagrams rather than always sending the - packets via raw sockets. This is particularly useful for Windows, - since Microsoft has disabled raw socket support in XP for no good - reason. Nmap tries to choose the best method at runtime based on - platform, though you can override it with the new --send_eth and - --send_ip options. - -o Added ARP scanning (-PR). Nmap can now send raw ethernet ARP requests to - determine whether hosts on a LAN are up, rather than relying on - higher-level IP packets (which can only be sent after a successful - ARP request and reply anyway). This is much faster and more - reliable (not subject to IP-level firewalling) than IP-based probes. - The downside is that it only works when the target machine is on the - same LAN as the scanning machine. It is now used automatically for - any hosts that are detected to be on a local ethernet network, - unless --send_ip was specified. Example usage: nmap -sP -PR - 192.168.0.0/16 . - -o Added the --spoof_mac option, which asks Nmap to use the given MAC - address for all of the raw ethernet frames it sends. The MAC given - can take several formats. If it is simply the string "0", Nmap - chooses a completely random MAC for the session. If the given - string is an even number of hex digits (with the pairs optionally - separated by a colon), Nmap will use those as the MAC. If less than - 12 hex digits are provided, Nmap fills in the remainder of the 6 - bytes with random values. If the argument isn't a 0 or hex string, - Nmap looks through the nmap-mac-prefixes to find a vendor name - containing the given string (it is case insensitive). If a match is - found, Nmap uses the vendor's OUI (3-byte prefix) and fills out the - remaining 3 bytes randomly. Valid --spoof_mac argument examples are - "Apple", "0", "01:02:03:04:05:06", "deadbeefcafe", "0020F2", and - "Cisco". - -o Applied a massive OS fingerprint update from Zhao Lei - (zhaolei(a)gmail.com). About 350 fingerprints were added, and many - more were updated. Notable additions include Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger), - OpenBSD 3.7, FreeBSD 5.4, Windows Server 2003 SP1, Sony AIBO (along - with a new "robotic pet" device type category), the latest Linux 2.6 - kernels Cisco routers with IOS 12.4, a ton of VoIP devices, Tru64 - UNIX 5.1B, new Fortinet firewalls, AIX 5.3, NetBSD 2.0, Nokia IPSO - 3.8.X, and Solaris 10. Of course there are also tons of new - broadband routers, printers, WAPs and pretty much any other device - you can coax an ethernet cable (or wireless card) into! - o Added a distcc probes and a bunch of smtp matches from Dirk Mueller (mueller(a)kde.org) to nmap-service-probes. Also added AFS version probe and matches from Lionel Cons (lionel.cons(a)cern.ch). And even more probes and matches from Martin Macok (martin.macok(a)underground.cz) -o Nmap on Windows now compiles/links with the new WinPcap 3.1 - header/lib files. So please upgrade to 3.1 from - http://www.winpcap.org before installing this version of Nmap. - While older versions may still work, they aren't supported with Nmap. - o Fixed a problem where Nmap compilation would use header files from the libpcap included with Nmap even when it was linking to a system libpcap. Thanks to Solar Designer (solar(a)openwall.com) and Okan @@ -172,7 +202,7 @@ o Added "Exclude" directive to nmap-service-probes grammar which o Added a stripped-down and heavily modified version of Dug Song's libdnet networking library (v. 1.10). This helps with the new raw - ethernet features. My changes are described in + ethernet features. My (extensive) changes are described in libdnet-stripped/NMAP_MODIFICATIONS o Removed WinIP library (and all Windows raw sockets code) since MS @@ -224,38 +254,9 @@ o Fixed the way tcp connect scan (-sT) respons to ICMP network unreachable responses (patch by Richard Moore (rich(a)westpoint.ltd.uk). -o Fixed a crash problem related to non-portable varargs (vsnprintf) - usage. Reports of this crash came from Alan William Somers - (somers(a)its.caltech.edu) and Christophe (chris.branch(a)gmx.de). - This patch was prevalent on Linux boxes running an Opteron/Athlon64 - CPU in 64-bit mode. - -o Nmap distribution signing has changed. Release files are now signed - with a new Nmap Project GPG key (KeyID 6B9355D0). Fyodor has also - generated a new key for himself (KeyID 33599B5F). The Nmap key has - been signed by Fyodor's new key, which has been signed by Fyodor's - old key so that you know they are legit. The new keys are available - at http://www.insecure.org/nmap/data/nmap_gpgkeys.txt , as - docs/nmap_gpgkeys.txt in the Nmap source tarball, and on the public - keyserver network. Here are the fingerprints: - pub 1024D/33599B5F 2005-04-24 - Key fingerprint = BB61 D057 C0D7 DCEF E730 996C 1AF6 EC50 3359 9B5F - uid Fyodor - sub 2048g/D3C2241C 2005-04-24 - - pub 1024D/6B9355D0 2005-04-24 - Key fingerprint = 436D 66AB 9A79 8425 FDA0 E3F8 01AF 9F03 6B93 55D0 - uid Nmap Project Signing Key (http://www.insecure.org/) - sub 2048g/A50A6A94 2005-04-24 - o Update random host scan (-iR) to support the latest IANA-allocated ranges, thanks to patch by Chad Loder (cloder(a)loder.us). -o Added 'leet ASCII art to the confugrator! ARTIST NOTE: If you think - the ASCII art sucks, feel free to send me alternatives. Note that - only people compiling the UNIX source code get this. (ASCII artist - unknown). - o Updated GNU shtool (a helper program used during 'make install' to version 2.0.2, which fixes a predictable temporary filename weakness discovered by Eric Raymond. diff --git a/Makefile.in b/Makefile.in index 5b21c73b2..e44a714af 100644 --- a/Makefile.in +++ b/Makefile.in @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -export NMAP_VERSION = 3.84ALPHA2 +export NMAP_VERSION = 3.90 NMAP_NAME= nmap NMAP_URL= http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ NMAP_PLATFORM=@host@ diff --git a/docs/nmap.usage.txt b/docs/nmap.usage.txt index 33ae95524..ea1f95173 100644 --- a/docs/nmap.usage.txt +++ b/docs/nmap.usage.txt @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -Nmap 3.84ALPHA1 Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] +Nmap 3.84ALPHA2 Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] Some Common Scan Types ('*' options require root privileges) * -sS TCP SYN stealth port scan (default if privileged (root)) -sT TCP connect() port scan (default for unprivileged users) diff --git a/docs/nmap_manpage-ru.html b/docs/nmap_manpage-ru.html index 2c822cb0d..1ab30cce6 100644 --- a/docs/nmap_manpage-ru.html +++ b/docs/nmap_manpage-ru.html @@ -16,841 +16,1030 @@ XXX -

îáú÷áîéå

-       nmap - õÔÉÌÉÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÉÓÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ÓÅÔÉ.
+
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+       nmap  - the Network Mapper - ÉÎÓÔÒÕÍÅÎÔ ÄÌÑ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÉÓÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+       ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ óÅÔÉ.
 
 
 

 
éóðïìøúï÷áîéå
-       nmap [íÅÔÏÄ(Ù) ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ] [ïÐÃÉÉ] <èÏÓÔ ÉÌÉ ÓÅÔØ #1,[#N]>
+       nmap [ÔÉÐ(Ù) ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ] [ÏÐÃÉÉ] <ÈÏÓÔ ÉÌÉ ÓÅÔØ #1 ... [#N]>
 
 
 

 
ïðéóáîéå
-       Nmap  ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎ ÄÌÑ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÅÔÅÊ Ó ÌÀÂÙÍ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ ÏÂßÅËÔÏ×,
-       ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ  ÏÂßÅËÔÏ×  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ  ÓÅÔÉ  Á  ÔÁËÖÅ  ÐÏÒÔÏ×  É
-       ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÈ  ÉÍ  ÓÌÕÖÂ.  äÌÑ  ÜÔÏÇÏ nmap ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ
-       ÍÅÔÏÄÏ×  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ,  ÔÁËÉÈ,  ËÁË  UDP,  TCP   connect(),   TCP   SYN
-       (ÐÏÌÕÏÔËÒÙÔÏÅ),  FTP  proxy  (ÐÒÏÒÙ×  ÞÅÒÅÚ  ftp),  Reverse-ident, ICMP
-       (ping), FIN, ACK, Xmas tree, SYN É NULL-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.  âÏÌÅÅ  ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÅ
-       ÉÈ  ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ  ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÏ  ×  ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ     .
-       Nmap ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ ÎÁÂÏÒ  ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ  ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ,  Á
-       ÉÍÅÎÎÏ:  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ (ÄÁÌÅÅ - ïó) ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ
-       Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÏÔÐÅÞÁÔËÏ×  ÓÔÅËÁ  TCP/IP,  "ÎÅ×ÉÄÉÍÏÅ"  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ,
-       ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÅ  ×ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÅ  ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ  ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÉ  É ÐÏ×ÔÏÒ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×,
-       ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÅ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ,  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ  ÎÅÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ   ÈÏÓÔÏ×   ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ
-       ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ping-ÏÐÒÏÓÁ, ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÌÏÖÎÙÈ ÈÏÓÔÏ×,
-       ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ  ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ  ÐÁËÅÔÎÙÈ  ÆÉÌØÔÒÏ×,  ÐÒÑÍÏÅ  (ÂÅÚ   ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
-       portmapper)    RPC-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ,    ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ    Ó    ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
-       IP-ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ Á ÔÁËÖÅ  ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏÅ  ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ  IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×  É  ÎÏÍÅÒÏ×
-       ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÈ ÓÅÔÅÊ.
+       Nmap ÓÏÚÄÁÎ ÄÌÑ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÈ ÁÄÍÉÎÉÓÔÒÁÔÏÒÏ× É ÌÀÂÏÐÙÔÎÙÈ ÉÎÄÉ×ÉÄÕÕÍÏ× ÄÌÑ
+       ÔÏÇÏ,  ÞÔÏ  ÂÙ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ  ÓÅÔÉ  Ó  ÌÀÂÙÍ  ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ  ÏÂßÅËÔÏ×  ÄÌÑ
+       ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÓÔÉ ÈÏÓÔÏ× É ÉÄÅÎÔÉÆÉËÁÃÉÉ  ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÏ×,  ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ  ÏÎÉ
+       ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ.
 
-       òÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÏÍ   ÒÁÂÏÔÙ   Nmap   Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ  ÓÐÉÓÏË  ÏÔÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ  ÐÏÒÔÏ×
-       ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÊ  ÍÁÛÉÎÙ  Ó  ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅÍ  ÎÏÍÅÒÁ   É   ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ   ÐÏÒÔÁ,   ÔÉÐÁ
-       ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ  ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ  Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÌÕÖÂÙ, ÚÁËÒÅÐÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁ ÜÔÉÍ
-       ÐÏÒÔÏÍ. ðÏÒÔ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÒÅÍÑ  ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍÉ  ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑÍÉ:  "ÏÔËÒÙÔ",
-       "ÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÊ"  É  "ÎÅÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÊ".   óÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ  "ÏÔËÒÙÔ"  ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ
-       ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÁÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ  ÐÒÏÓÌÕÛÉ×ÁÅÔ  ÄÁÎÎÙÊ  ÐÏÒÔ.  óÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ  "ÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÊ"
-       ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÆÁÉÒ×ÏÌÌ, ÐÁËÅÔÎÙÊ ÆÉÌØÔÒ ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ ÕÓÔÒÏÊÓÔ×Ï ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÅÔ
-       ÄÏÓÔÕÐ  Ë  ÜÔÏÍÕ  ÐÏÒÔÕ  É  Nmap  ÎÅ  ÓÍÏÇ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ  ÅÇÏ  ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ.
-       "îÅÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÊ"   ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ,   ÞÔÏ   ÐÏ  ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÁÍ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  Nmap
-       ×ÏÓÐÒÉÎÑÌ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ  ÐÏÒÔ  ËÁË  ÚÁËÒÙÔÙÊ,  ÐÒÉ  ÜÔÏÍ  ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×Á  ÚÁÝÉÔÙ  ÎÅ
-       ÐÏÍÅÛÁÌÉ Nmap ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÅÇÏ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ. üÔÏ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ Nmap ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ×
-       ÌÀÂÏÍ  ÓÌÕÞÁÅ  (ÄÁÖÅ  ÅÓÌÉ   ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï   ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÈ   ÐÏÒÔÏ×   ÈÏÓÔÁ
-       ÆÉÌØÔÒÕÀÔÓÑ).
+       Nmap  ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ ÔÁËÉÅ ×ÉÄÙ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ËÁË: UDP, TCP connect(), TCP
+       SYN (ÐÏÌÕÏÔËÒÙÔÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ), ftp proxy (bounce attack), ICMP  (ping),
+       FIN, ACK, Xmas Tree, SYN, IP Protocol É NULL.
 
-       ÷ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÏÐÃÉÊ, Nmap ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ
-       ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÉ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ  ÈÏÓÔÁ:  ÍÅÔÏÄ  ÇÅÎÅÒÁÃÉÉ  TCP  ISN,   ÉÍÑ
+       óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÓÅËÃÉÀ ôÉÐÙ óËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.
+
+       Nmap  ÔÁËÖÅ  ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ  ÒÑÄ  ÒÁÓÛÉÒÅÎÎÙÈ  ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÅÊ,  -  ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ
+       ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÅ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ  ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ  ÓÎÑÔÉÑ  ÏÔÐÅÞÁÔËÁ
+       TCP/IP  ÓÔÅËÁ,  ÓÔÅÌÓ-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ,  ×ÙÞÉÓÌÅÎÉÅ ÄÉÎÁÍÉÞÅÓËÏÊ ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÉ É
+       ÉÎÔÅÒ×ÁÌÁ ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÎÏÊ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ,  ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÅ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ,  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ
+       ÎÅÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÈÏÓÔÏ× ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÇÏ ping-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
+       Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÌÏÖÎÙÈ ÈÏÓÔÏ×, ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÅ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ  ÆÉÌØÔÒÁÃÉÉ  ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ
+       (port  filtering  detection),  ÐÒÑÍÏÅ  (ÂÅÚ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  portmapper)
+       RPC-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ,   IP-ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÀ   ÐÒÉ   ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ,    Á    ÔÁËÖÅ
+       ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÈ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× É ÐÏÒÔÏ×.
+
+       íÎÏÇÏ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÉÌÏÓØ ÎÁÄ ÁÄÁÐÔÁÃÉÅÊ nmap ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÂÅÚ ÐÒÁ×
+       root. ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÍÎÏÇÏ ËÒÉÔÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÑÄÅÒÎÙÈ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÏ× (ËÁË, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ
+       raw-ÓÏËÅÔÙ)  ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ root-ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ, ÔÁË ÞÔÏ ÓÔÁÒÁÊÔÅÓØ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØ nmap
+       ÉÍÅÎÎÏ Ó ÜÔÉÍÉ ÐÒÁ×ÁÍÉ (ÎÅ setuid root, ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ).
+
+       òÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÏÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÙ nmap ÏÂÙÞÎÏ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÓÐÉÓÏË  ÏÔÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ  ÐÏÒÔÏ×
+       ÎÁ  ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÊ  ÍÁÛÉÎÅ(ÁÈ)  Ó  ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅÍ  ÎÏÍÅÒÁ É ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑ ÐÏÒÔÁ, ÔÉÐÁ
+       ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑ ÓÌÕÖÂÙ, ÚÁËÒÅÐÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÚÁ  ÜÔÉÍ
+       ÐÏÒÔÏÍ.  ðÏÒÔ ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÚÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍÉ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑÍÉ: "ÏÔËÒÙÔ"(open),
+       "ÚÁËÒÙÔ"(closed),  "ÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÊ"(filtered)   É   "ÎÅÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÊ"(unfil-
+       tered).   óÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ  ÐÏÒÔÁ  "open" ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÎÁ ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÚÁ
+       ÜÔÉÍ ÐÏÒÔÏÍ ÚÁËÒÅÐ̣ΠÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÊ ÓÅÒ×ÉÓ É ÏÎ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉÎÑÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ
+       ÎÁ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÏÒÔ.  óÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÐÏÒÔÁ "close" ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÎÁ ÜÔÏÔ
+       ÐÏÒÔ ÎÅ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙ.  óÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÐÏÒÔÁ  "filtered"  ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ,  ÞÔÏ  ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌ,
+       ÐÁËÅÔÎÙÊ  ÆÉÌØÔÒ  ÉÌÉ  ÌÀÂÁÑ  ÄÒÕÇÁÑ ÐÏÍÅÈÁ ÍÅÛÁÅÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ
+       ÐÏÒÔÁ. óÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÐÏÒÔÁ  "unfiltered"  -  ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ  ÞÔÏ  ÐÏÒÔ  ÚÁËÒÙÔ  É
+       ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁ  ÚÁÝÉÔÙ  ÎÅ ÍÅÛÁÅÔ ÜÔÏ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ. ôÁËÏÅ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ
+       ÅÓÌÉ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ ×  ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ  fil-
+       tered. ÷ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ nmap ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÔÏÞÎÏ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÒÁÚÎÉÃÕ ÍÅÖÄÕ
+       ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÑÍÉ ÐÏÒÔÁ filtered, open ÉÌÉ closed. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÐÏÒÔ ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ  ÎÅ
+       ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ  ÎÁ FIN-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔØÓÑ × ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ ËÁË open ÔÁË
+       É  filtered.  ÷  ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÈ  ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ  nmap  ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔ  ÔÁËÉÅ  ÐÏÒÔÙ  ËÁË
+       "open|filtered" ÉÌÉ "closed|filtered".
+
+       ÷ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÏÔ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÏÐÃÉÊ, nmap ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ
+       ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÉ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ: ÔÉÐ ïó, ÍÅÔÏÄ ÇÅÎÅÒÁÃÉÉ TCP ISN, ÉÍÑ
        ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ    (username)   ×ÌÁÄÅÌØÃÁ   ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ,   ÚÁÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×Á×ÛÅÇÏ
        ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ  ÐÏÒÔ,  ÓÉÍ×ÏÌØÎÙÅ   ÉÍÅÎÁ,   ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ   ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÍ
-       IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍ É Ô.Ä.
+       IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍ É Ô.Ð.
 
 
 

-
OPTIONS
-       âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï  ÏÐÃÉÊ  ÍÏÇÕÔ  ËÏÍÂÉÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ  ÄÒÕÇ  Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÍ.  ïÄÎÉ ÏÐÃÉÉ
-       ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ  ×ÙÂÏÒÁ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ  ÍÅÔÏÄÁ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ,  ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
-       ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ  ÎÁ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÉÌÉ ÓÌÕÖÁÔ ÄÌÑ
-       ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ  ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ  ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.    nmap   ÐÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÖÄÁÅÔ
-       ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ Ï ÎÅÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÍÏÍ ÓÏÞÅÔÁÎÉÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÍ ÏÐÃÉÊ.
+
ïðãéé
+        âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÏÐÃÉÊ ÍÏÇÕÔ ËÏÍÂÉÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÒÕÇ Ó ÄÒÕÇÏÍ. ïÄÎÉ ÏÐÃÉÉ
+        ÐÒÅÄÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÙ ÄÌÑ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
+        ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ ÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÅÊ ÉÌÉ ÓÌÕÖÁÔ ÄÌÑ
+        ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. Nmap ÐÒÅÄÕÐÒÅÖÄÁÅÔ
+        ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ Ï ÎÅÄÏÐÕÓÔÉÍÏÍ ÓÏÞÅÔÁÎÉÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ ÉÍ ÏÐÃÉÊ.
 
-       ôÅ,  ËÔÏ  ÈÏÔÑÔ ÎÅÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ Ó ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÏÊ, ÍÏÇÕÔ ÐÒÏÐÕÓÔÉÔØ
-       ÜÔÏÔ ÒÁÚÄÅÌ É ÐÅÒÅÊÔÉ Ë ÉÚÕÞÅÎÉÀ  ×ÙÚÏ×Á Nmap ×  ËÏÎÃÅ  ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ
-       ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á.  ÷Ù  ÍÏÖÅÔÅ  ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ nmap -h ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ËÒÁÔËÏÊ
-       ÓÐÒÁ×ËÉ ÐÏ ×ÓÅÍ ÏÐÃÉÑÍ.
+        åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÅÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÎÁÞÁÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÕ Ó nmap, ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÜÔÏÔ
+        ÒÁÚÄÅÌ É ÐÅÒÅÊÔÉ Ë ÉÚÕÞÅÎÉÀ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÏ× ×ÙÚÏ×Á nmap × ËÏÎÃÅ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ
+        ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ nmap Ó ËÌÀÞÏÍ  ’  -h
+       ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ËÒÁÔËÏÊ ÓÐÒÁ×ËÉ ÐÏ ×ÓÅÍ ÏÐÃÉÑÍ.
 
-          .
+        
 
-       -sT    éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ  ÍÅÔÏÄ  TCP   connect().   îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ   ÏÂÝÉÊ   ÍÅÔÏÄ
-              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  TCP-ÐÏÒÔÏ×.  æÕÎËÃÉÑ  connect(),  ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÁÑ ×
-              ÌÀÂÏÊ ïó, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó ÌÀÂÙÍ ÐÏÒÔÏÍ  ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÊ
-              ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.  åÓÌÉ  ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ  ×  ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å  ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ  ÐÏÒÔ  ÏÔËÒÙÔ É
-              ÐÒÏÓÌÕÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÏÊ, ÔÏ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ con-
-              nect()  ÂÕÄÅÔ  ÕÓÐÅÛÎÙÍ  (Ô.Å.  ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ), ×
-              ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÚÁËÒÙÔÙÍ, ÌÉÂÏ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ Ë
-              ÎÅÍÕ ÚÁÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÁÎ ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÁÍÉ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ.
+       -sS    óËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ  SYN. üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ "ÐÏÌÕÏÔËÒÙÔÏÅ"
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ,   ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ   ÐÏÌÎÏÅ   TCP-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ   Ó   ÐÏÒÔÏÍ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ  ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ. Nmap ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ SYN-ÐÁËÅÔ,
+              ËÁË ÂÙ  ÎÁÍÅÒÅ×ÁÑÓØ  ÏÔËÒÙÔØ  ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ  ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ,  É  ÏÖÉÄÁÅÔ
+              ÏÔ×ÅÔ.  æÌÁÇÉ  SYN|ACK  ×  ÏÔ×ÅÔÅ  ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ  ÎÁ  ÔÏ,  ÞÔÏ  ÐÏÒÔ
+              ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÏÔËÒÙÔ. æÌÁÇ RST  ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ  ÎÁ  ÔÏ,  ÞÔÏ  ÐÏÒÔ
+              ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ  ÍÁÛÉÎÙ  ÚÁËÒÙÔ.  åÓÌÉ nmap ÐÒÉÎÑÌ ÐÁËÅÔ SYN|ACK, ÔÏ ×
+              ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÅÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ (ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÏÊ)  RST-ÐÁËÅÔ
+              ÄÌÑ  ÓÂÒÏÓÁ  ÅÝÅ  ÎÅ  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ  ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ.  ïÞÅÎØ ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ
+              ÓÁÊÔÏ× ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÙ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔØ  ÔÁËÏÅ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ,  ÏÄÎÁËÏ  ÈÏÒÏÛÏ
+              ÎÁÓÔÒÏÅÎÎÙÊ  ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌ  ÎÁ ÜÔÏ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÅÎ. ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ
+              root-ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÉ ÄÌÑ ÆÏÒÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  ÐÏÄÄÅÌØÎÏÇÏ  SYN-ÐÁËÅÔÁ.  üÔÏÔ
+              ÔÉÐ    ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ   Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ   ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÍÙÍ   ÐÏ-ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ   ÄÌÑ
+              ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.
 
-              äÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ, ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÎÅ
-              ÉÍÅÔØ  ÎÉËÁËÉÈ  ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ  ÎÁ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÀÝÅÍ  ÈÏÓÔÅ.  üÔÏÔ  ÍÅÔÏÄ
-              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  ÌÅÇËÏ  ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ  ÃÅÌÅ×ÙÍ  (Ô.Å. ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÍ)
-              ÈÏÓÔÏÍ,    ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ    ÅÇÏ     log-ÆÁÊÌ     ÂÕÄÅÔ     ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ
-              ÚÁÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ  ÍÎÏÇÏÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÅ  ÐÏÐÙÔËÉ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ É ÏÛÉÂËÉ
-              ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ. óÌÕÖÂÙ, ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÀÝÉÅ  ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ,
-              ÎÅÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ ÚÁÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÔ ÄÏÓÔÕÐ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ, ×ÙÚ×Á×ÛÅÍÕ ÜÔÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ.
+       -sT    óËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ  TCP  connect().  îÁÉÂÏÌÅÅ  ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ  ÍÅÔÏÄ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ     TCP-ÐÏÒÔÏ×.    óÉÓÔÅÍÎÙÊ    ×ÙÚÏ×    connect(),
+              ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ × ÌÀÂÏÊ ïó, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÚÄÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó  ÌÀÂÙÍ
+              ÐÏÒÔÏÍ   ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÊ   ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.   óÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ   ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ   ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ
+              ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÏÇÏ "tcp-ÒÕËÏÐÏÖÁÔÉÑ", - ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÀÝÁÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
+              ÎÁ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÕÀ ÐÁËÅÔ Ó ÆÌÁÇÏÍ SYN, ÅÓÌÉ × ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÐÒÉÈÏÄÉÔ ÐÁËÅÔ Ó
+              ÆÌÁÇÏÍ RST -  ÔÏ  ÐÏÒÔ  ÚÁËÒÙÔ,  ÅÓÌÉ  SYN|ACK,  ÔÏ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÀÝÁÑ
+              ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ACK É ÔÏÇÄÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ). åÓÌÉ ÐÏÒÔ ÏÔËÒÙÔ
+              É ÐÒÏÓÌÕÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÏÊ,  ÔÏ  ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ  ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ
+              connect()  ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÓÐÅÛÎÙÍ (Ô.Å. ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ), ×
+              ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÚÁËÒÙÔÙÍ ÉÌÉ  ÄÏÓÔÕÐ  Ë
+              ÎÅÍÕ  ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ.   åÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ  ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×ÏÍ  ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ
+              Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÅÇÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÂÅÚ root-ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÊ.
 
-       -sS    ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ   ÍÅÔÏÄ   TCP   SYN.   üÔÏÔ  ÍÅÔÏÄ  ÞÁÓÔÏ  ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔ
-              "ÐÏÌÕÏÔËÒÙÔÙÍ"  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ,   ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ   ÐÒÉ   ÜÔÏÍ   ÐÏÌÎÏÅ
-              TCP-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ  Ó  ÐÏÒÔÏÍ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÎÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.
-              Nmap ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ SYN-ÐÁËÅÔ, ËÁË ÂÙ  ÎÁÍÅÒÅ×ÁÑÓØ  ÏÔËÒÙÔØ  ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÅÅ
-              ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ,  É  ÏÖÉÄÁÅÔ  ÏÔ×ÅÔ.  îÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÆÌÁÇÏ× SYN|ACK × ÏÔ×ÅÔÅ
-              ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ  ÎÁ  ÔÏ,  ÞÔÏ   ÐÏÒÔ   ÕÄÁÌÅÎÎÏÊ   ÍÁÛÉÎÙ   ÏÔËÒÙÔ   É
-              ÐÒÏÓÌÕÛÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.  æÌÁÇ RST × ÏÔ×ÅÔÅ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÅ.  åÓÌÉ Nmap
-              ÐÒÉÎÑÌ ÐÁËÅÔ SYN|ACK, ÔÏ × ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÅÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ RST-ÐÁËÅÔ
-              ÄÌÑ   ÓÂÒÏÓÁ  ÅÝÅ  ÎÅ  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ  ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ  (ÒÅÁÌØÎÏ  ÜÔÕ
-              ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÀ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔ  ÓÁÍÁ  ïó).  ïÞÅÎØ  ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ  ÓÁÊÔÏ×  ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÙ
-              ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔØ  ÔÁËÏÅ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ. ðÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÉÍÅÔØ ÓÔÁÔÕÓ
-              root ÄÌÑ ÆÏÒÍÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÌØÎÏÇÏ SYN-ÐÁËÅÔÁ.
-
-              äÌÑ ÕÓËÏÒÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÏÐÒÏÓÁ ÐÏÒÔÏ×  ÐÒÉ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ  ÂÏÌØÛÉÈ
-              ÓÅÔÅÊ  ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ  Ó  ÏÐÃÉÅÊ  -sS  ×Ù  ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÅÖÉÍ,
-              ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÉÊ ÏÐÒÏÓÉÔØ ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ ÐÏÒÔ ÎÁ ×ÓÅÈ  ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ  ÏÂßÅËÔÁÈ
-              ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ  ×ÁÍÉ  ÓÅÔÉ  ÎÁÍÎÏÇÏ  ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ, ÞÅÍ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ
-              ÏÄÎÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÉ -p. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÏÐÃÉÉ -PS <ÐÏÒÔ>.
+              üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÌÅÇËÏ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÍ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ  ×  log-ÆÁÊÌÅ
+              ÎÁ   ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ   ÍÁÛÉÎÅ  ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÔÓÑ  ÚÁÐÉÓÉ  Ï  ÍÎÏÇÏÞÉÓÌÅÎÎÙÈ
+              ÐÏÐÙÔËÁÈ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ É  ÏÂ  ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ  ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ  ÄÁÎÎÏÊ  ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ
+              ÓÌÕÖÂÁÍÉ,   Ë   ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ   ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÌÏÓØ   ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ,  Á  ÚÁÔÅÍ
+              ÍÇÎÏ×ÅÎÎÏÅ ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÉÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ. üÔÏÔ ÔÉÐ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
+              ÐÒÉÍÅÎÉÍÙÍ ÐÏ-ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ ÎÅÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.
 
        -sF -sX -sN
-              "îÅ×ÉÄÉÍÏÅ" FIN,  Xmas  Tree  É  NULL-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.  üÔÉ  ÍÅÔÏÄÙ
+              óËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ stealth-FIN, Xmas Tree ÉÌÉ NULL. üÔÉ ÍÅÔÏÄÙ
               ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ  ×  ÓÌÕÞÁÅ,  ÅÓÌÉ  SYN-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÐÏ  ËÁËÉÍ-ÌÉÂÏ
-              ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÍ ÏËÁÚÁÌÏÓØ ÎÅÒÁÂÏÔÏÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÙÍ. ôÁË, ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÆÁÉÒ×ÏÌÌÙ É
-              ÐÁËÅÔÎÙÅ  ÆÉÌØÔÒÙ  "ÏÖÉÄÁÀÔ" ÐÏÄÄÅÌØÎÙÅ SYN-ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÎÁ ÚÁÝÉÝÅÎÎÙÅ
-              ÉÍÉ ÐÏÒÔÙ, É ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ  ÔÉÐÁ  Synlogger  ÉÌÉ  Courtney  ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÙ
-              ÏÔÓÌÅÄÉÔØ SYN-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.
+              ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÍ  ÎÅ  ÄÁÌÏ  ÏÖÉÄÁÅÍÏÇÏ  ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÁ. îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌÙ É
+              ÐÁËÅÔÎÙÅ ÆÉÌØÔÒÙ ÏÖÉÄÁÀÔ SYN-ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÎÁ ÚÁÝÉÝÁÅÍÙÅ ÉÍÉ  ÐÏÒÔÙ,  É
+              ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ   ÔÉÐÁ   Synlogger  ÉÌÉ  Courtney  ÓÐÏÓÏÂÎÙ  ÏÔÓÌÅÄÉÔØ
+              SYN-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ. ÷ÙÛÅÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÉÐÙ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ  ÎÅ
+              ÚÁÍÅÞÅÎÙ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ ÚÁÝÉÔÙ.
 
-              éÄÅÑ  ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ  ×  ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÍ.  ÷  FIN-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
-              ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ FIN-ÐÁËÅÔ. ÷ Xmas Tree ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÁËÅÔ Ó
-              ÎÁÂÏÒÏÍ ÆÌÁÇÏ× FIN|URG|PSH, Á NULL-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÐÁËÅÔ
-              ÂÅÚ  ÆÌÁÇÏ×.   óÏÇÌÁÓÎÏ  ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÁÃÉÉ  RFC   973   Ð.   64,   ïó
-              ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ  ÈÏÓÔÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÏÔ×ÅÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÔÁËÏÊ ÐÁËÅÔ, ÐÒÉÂÙ×ÛÉÊ ÎÁ
-              ÚÁËÒÙÔÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ, ÐÁËÅÔÏÍ RST, × ÔÏ ×ÒÅÍÑ ËÁË ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ  ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
-              ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ  ÜÔÉ  ÐÁËÅÔÙ.   òÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÉ Microsoft Windows, ËÁË
-              ÏÂÙÞÎÏ, ÒÅÛÉÌÉ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÏÂÝÅÐÒÉÎÑÔÙÅ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÙ
-              É  ÐÏÊÔÉ  Ó×ÏÉÍ  ÐÕÔÅÍ.   ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ  ÌÀÂÁÑ ïó ÓÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á Windows ÎÅ
-              ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ × ÏÔ×ÅÔ RST-ÐÁËÅÔ, É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÍÅÔÏÄÙ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ  Ó
-              ÜÔÉÍÉ  ïó. ïÄÎÁËÏ ×Ï ×ÓÅÍ ÅÓÔØ Ó×ÏÉ ÐÌÀÓÙ, É × Nmap ÜÔÏÔ ÐÒÉÚÎÁË
-              Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍ ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ, ÏÂÌÁÄÁÀÝÉÈ
-              ÔÁËÉÍ Ó×ÏÊÓÔ×ÏÍ.  åÓÌÉ × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ FIN-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×Ù ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌÉ
-              ÓÐÉÓÏË ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ×, ÔÏ ÜÔÏ  ÎÅ  Windows.  åÓÌÉ  ÖÅ  ×ÓÅ  ÜÔÉ
-              ÍÅÔÏÄÙ    ×ÙÄÁÌÉ   ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ,   ÞÔÏ   ×ÓÅ   ÐÏÒÔÙ   ÚÁËÒÙÔÙ,   Á
-              SYN-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÌÏ ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ, ÔÏ ×Ù  ÓËÏÒÅÊ  ×ÓÅÇÏ
-              ÉÍÅÅÔÅ  ÄÅÌÏ Ó ïó Windows.  ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, Windows ÎÅ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÁÑ
-              ïó, ÏÂÌÁÄÁÀÝÁÑ ÜÔÉÍ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔËÏÍ.  ë  ÔÁËÉÍ  ïó  ÏÔÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ  ÔÁËÖÅ
-              Cisco,  BSDI,  IRIX,  HP/UX  É  MVS.   ÷ÓÅ  ÜÔÉ ïó ÎÅ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÔ
-              RST-ÐÁËÅÔÙ.
+              FIN-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ  ×  ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å  ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ FIN-ÐÁËÅÔ. ÷
+              Xmas Tree ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÁËÅÔ Ó  ÎÁÂÏÒÏÍ  ÆÌÁÇÏ×  FIN|URG|PSH,  Á
+              NULL-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÐÁËÅÔ ÂÅÚ ÆÌÁÇÏ×. óÏÇÌÁÓÎÏ RFC 793
+              ÓÔÒ.64, ÚÁËÒÙÔÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÏÔ×ÅÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÔÁËÉÈ ÐÏÓÌÁÎÎÙÈ
+              ÎÁÍÉ  ÐÁËÅÔ  ÐÁËÅÔÏÍ  Ó  ÆÌÁÇÏÍ RST. æÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÎÅ
+              ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÀÔ ÎÁ ÔÁËÉÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ  nmap  ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ  ÔÁËÏÊ  ÐÏÒÔ
+              "open|filered".  åÓÌÉ ÄÏÂÁ×ÉÔØ ÏÐÃÉÀ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ (-sV),
+              nmap ÐÏÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ  ÔÏÞÎÏ  ÌÉ  ÔÁËÉÅ  ÐÏÒÔÙ  ÏÔËÒÙÔÙ.  ë
+              ÎÅÓÞÁÓÔØÀ,  Microsoft  ËÁË  ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÒÅÛÉÌÁ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
+              ×ÓÅ ÏÂÝÅÐÒÉÎÑÔÙÅ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÙ É ÐÏÊÔÉ Ó×ÏÉÍ ÐÕÔ£Í. ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÌÀÂÁÑ ïó
+              ÓÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á Windows ÎÅ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ × ÏÔ×ÅÔ RST-ÐÁËÅÔ, É ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÍÅÔÏÄÙ
+              ÎÅ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ÜÔÉÍÉ ïó.  ó  ÄÒÕÇÏÊ  ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ  ×  nmap  ÜÔÏÔ
+              ÐÒÉÚÎÁË  Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ  ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÍ  ÄÌÑ ÒÁÚÌÉÞÅÎÉÑ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ,
+              ÅÓÌÉ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÔÉÐÙ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  ÎÁÛÌÉ  ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÅ  ÐÏÒÔÙ  -  ÓËÏÒÅÅ
+              ×ÓÅÇÏ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÁÑ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÎÅ ÐÏÄ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ windows. ë
+              ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ,  Windows  ÎÅ   ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÁÑ   ïó,   ÏÂÌÁÄÁÀÝÁÑ   ÜÔÉÍ
+              ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÔËÏÍ. ë ÔÁËÉÍ ïó ÏÔÎÏÓÑÔÓÑ ÔÁËÖÅ Cisco, BSDI, IRIX, HP/UX
+              É MVS. ÷ÓÅ ÜÔÉ ïó ÎÅ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÔ RST-ÐÁËÅÔÙ. îÏ ÜÔÏ ÎÅ ÔÁË ×ÁÖÎÏ,
+              ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ  nmap  ÍÏÖÅÔ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÔØ  ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ
+              ÍÅÔÏÄÁÍÉ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ.
 
-       -sP    Ping-"ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ". éÎÏÇÄÁ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ  ÌÉÛØ  ÕÚÎÁÔØ  ÁÄÒÅÓÁ
-              ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ  ÈÏÓÔÏ×  ×  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ  ÓÅÔÉ.  Nmap ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ,
-              ÐÏÓÌÁ× ICMP-ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ "ÚÁÐÒÏÓ ÜÈÁ" ÎÁ ËÁÖÄÙÊ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ
-              ×ÁÍÉ.   èÏÓÔ,  ÏÔÐÒÁ×É×ÛÉÊ  ÏÔ×ÅÔ  ÎÁ  ÜÈÏ,  Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ  ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÍ.
-              îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÁÊÔÙ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ microsoft.com)  ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÔ  ÜÈÏ-ÐÁËÅÔÙ.
-              ðÏ  ÜÔÏÊ  ÐÒÉÞÉÎÅ Nmap ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ TCP ACK-ÐÁËÅÔ ÎÁ 80-Ê ÐÏÒÔ
-              ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ (ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ).  åÓÌÉ  ×  ÏÔ×ÅÔ  ×Ù  ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌÉ
-              RST-ÐÁËÅÔ,  ÈÏÓÔ  ÁËÔÉ×ÅÎ.  ôÒÅÔÉÊ  ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ SYN-ÐÁËÅÔ É
-              ÏÖÉÄÁÅÔ  ×  ÏÔ×ÅÔ  RST  ÌÉÂÏ  SYN|ACK.   äÌÑ  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ,  ÎÅ
+       -sP    Ping-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ: éÎÏÇÄÁ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÌÉÛØ ÕÚÎÁÔØ ËÁËÉÅ ÈÏÓÔÙ
+              ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙ  ×  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ  ÓÅÔÉ.  Nmap  ÍÏÖÅÔ  ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ ÜÔÏ, ÐÏÓÌÁ×
+              ICMP-ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ "ÜÈÏ  ÚÁÐÒÏÓ"  ÎÁ  ËÁÖÄÙÊ  IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ,  ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ  ×Ù
+              ÕËÁÖÅÔÅ.   èÏÓÔ,  ÏÔÐÒÁ×É×ÛÉÊ  ÏÔ×ÅÔ  ÎÁ ÜÈÏ, Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÍ.
+              îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÁÊÔÙ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ microsoft.com) ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÔ ÐÁËÅÔÙ Ó  ÜÈÏ
+              ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏÍ. ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ nmap ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ TCP áóë-ÐÁËÅÔ ÎÁ 80-Ê ÐÏÒÔ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ (ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ).  åÓÌÉ  ×  ÏÔ×ÅÔ  ÍÙ  ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌÉ
+              RST-ÐÁËÅÔ,  -  ÈÏÓÔ  ÁËÔÉ×ÅÎ.  ôÒÅÔÉÊ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ SYN-ÐÁËÅÔ É
+              ÏÖÉÄÁÅÔ  ×  ÏÔ×ÅÔ  RST  ÌÉÂÏ  SYN|ACK.  äÌÑ  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ,   ÎÅ
               ÏÂÌÁÄÁÀÝÉÈ ÓÔÁÔÕÓÏÍ root, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÍÅÔÏÄ connect().
 
-              äÌÑ  root-ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ Nmap ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏ
-              ÏÂÁ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ - ICMP É ACK. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ ÜÔÏ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÏÐÃÉÀ
-              -P ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÕÀ ÎÉÖÅ.
+              äÌÑ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ nmap ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
+              ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏ ÏÂÁ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ - ICMP É ACK.  ÷Ù  ÍÏÖÅÔÅ  ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔØ  ÜÔÏ,
+              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÏÐÃÉÀ ’ -P
 
-              úÁÍÅÔÉÍ,  ÞÔÏ ping-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ × ÌÀÂÏÍ
-              ÓÌÕÞÁÅ  É  ÔÏÌØËÏ  ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÅ  ÈÏÓÔÙ  ÐÏÄ×ÅÒÇÁÀÔÓÑ   ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ.
-              éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ  ÜÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÉÔØ
-              ÔÏÌØËÏ ping-ÏÐÒÏÓ, ÎÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÑ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ×.
+              ïÂÒÁÔÉÔÅ    ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ,   ÞÔÏ   ping-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ   ÐÏ   ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ
+              ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ × ÌÀÂÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ É ÔÏÌØËÏ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÅ ÈÏÓÔÙ  ÐÏÄ×ÅÒÇÁÀÔÓÑ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ.   éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ  ÜÔÕ  ÏÐÃÉÀ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù
+              ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÅÓÔÉ ÔÏÌØËÏ ping-ÏÐÒÏÓ,  ÎÅ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÑ  ÐÏÒÔÙ.   -sV
+              ÷ËÌÀÞÉÔØ  ÒÅÖÉÍ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÓÌÕÖÂ, ÚÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ ÚÁËÒÅÐÌÅÎÙ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ. ðÏÓÌÅ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ TCP É/ÉÌÉ UDP-ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÌÀÂÙÍ
+              ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ,  nmap ÐÏÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÐÒÉ×ÑÚÁÎÎÙÊ Ë ÜÔÉÍ ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÍ
+              ÐÏÒÔÁÍ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ ÓÌÕÖÂÙ (ftp, ssh, telnet, http), ÉÍÑ  ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑ
+              (ISC  Bind,  Apache  httpd,  Solaris  telnetd),  ÎÏÍÅÒ  ×ÅÒÓÉÉ É
+              ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ  ÄÅÔÁÌÉ  (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,  ÏÔËÒÙÔ  ÌÉ  è   ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ   ÄÌÑ
+              ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÅÎÉÊ ÉÌÉ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ SSH). æÁÊÌ, ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÎÙÊ nmap-ser-
+              vice-probes ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÏÐÔÉÍÁÌØÔÙÈ  ÔÅÓÔÏ×,  Ó
+              ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ  ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ  ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏ ÔÏÞÎÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ ×
+              ÄÁÎÎÙÈ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÑÈ. åÓÌÉ nmap ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎ Ó  ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ  OpenSSL,
+              ÏÎ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔÓÑ Ë SSL-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ Ó ÐÏÐÙÔËÏÊ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, ËÁËÁÑ ÓÌÕÖÂÁ
+              ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ  ÚÁ  ÛÉÆÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ.  åÓÌÉ  ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÁ  ÓÌÕÖÂÁ  RPC,  nmap
+              ÐÒÅÄÐÒÉÍÅÔ  ÁÔÁËÕ ÎÁ RPC ÐÏ ÍÅÔÏÄÕ "ÇÒÕÂÏÊ ÓÉÌÙ" ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ
+              ÎÏÍÅÒÁ  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ  RPC  É  ÎÏÍÅÒÁ  ×ÅÒÓÉÉ.  îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ  UDP-ÐÏÒÔÙ
+              ÏÓÔÁÀÔÓÑ  ×  ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ  "open|filtered" ÅÓÌÉ UDP-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÎÅ
+              ÓÍÏÖÅÔ  ÔÏÞÎÏ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ  ×  ËÁËÏÍ  ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ  ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ  ÐÏÒÔ.
+              ïÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔÅÌØ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÐÏÐÙÔÁÅÔÓÑ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØÓÑ ÎÁ ÔÁËÏÊ ÐÏÒÔ, É ÅÓÌÉ
+              ÏÎ ÏÔËÒÙÔ, ÔÏ ÅÇÏ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÉÔÓÑ ÎÁ open. ïÐÃÉÑ ’-A’  ÔÁËÖÅ
+              ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ  ÜÔÏÔ ÒÅÖÉÍ.  ðÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÏÐÃÉÉ ’--version_trace’
+              nmap ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÔØ ×ÓÀ  ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ  Ï  ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÅÍ  ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÅ
+              ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ   ×ÅÒÓÉÉ  (ÜÔÏ  ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÁÑ  ÒÁÚÎÏ×ÉÄÎÏÓÔØ  ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ
+              ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÐÒÉ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÉ ÏÐÃÉÉ ’--packet_trace’).
 
-       -sU    óËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ UDP-ÐÏÒÔÙ. üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ,
-              ËÁËÉÅ   UDP-ÐÏÒÔÙ   (RFC  768)  ÎÁ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÍ  ÈÏÓÔÅ  Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ
-              ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÍÉ.   îÁ  ËÁÖÄÙÊ  ÐÏÒÔ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ  ÍÁÛÉÎÙ  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
-              UDP-ÐÁËÅÔ ÂÅÚ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ.  åÓÌÉ × ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÂÙÌÏ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÏ ICMP-ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ
-              "ÐÏÒÔ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ", ÜÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÒÔ  ÚÁËÒÙÔ.  ÷  ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ
-              ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ, ÞÔÏ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÏÔËÒÙÔ.
+       -sU    UDP-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ:  ÜÔÏÔ  ÔÉÐ   ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ   ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ   ÄÌÑ
+              ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ  ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÈ  UDP  (User  Datagram  Protocol,  RFC 768)
+              ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÎÁ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ. Nmap ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ 0-ÂÁÊÔÎÙÊ  UDP-ÐÁËÅÔ
+              ÎÁ  ËÁÖÄÙÊ  ÐÏÒÔ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ  ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.  åÓÌÉ  ×  ÏÔ×ÅÔ  ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÏ
+              ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ICMP "port unreachable"  (ICMP  ÐÏÒÔ  ÎÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ),  ÔÏ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ  ÐÏÒÔ  ÚÁËÒÙÔ,  ÅÓÌÉ ÞÔÏ-ÔÏ ÄÒÕÇÏÅ - ÔÏ ÏÔËÒÙÔ. åÓÌÉ
+              ÏÔ×ÅÔ ×ÏÏÂÝÅ ÎÅ  ÐÒÉÈÏÄÉÔ,  ÔÏ  nmap  ÐÏÍÅÞÁÅÔ  ÐÏÒÔ  ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅÍ
+              "open|filtered",  É  ÜÔÏ  ÚÎÁÞÉÔ ÞÔÏ ÐÏÒÔ ÏÔËÒÙÔ, ÎÏ ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌ ÉÌÉ
+              ÄÒÕÇÏÊ  ÐÁËÅÔÎÙÊ  ÆÉÌØÔÒ  ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÅÔ  ÄÏÓÔÕÐ  Ë  ÄÁÎÎÏÍÕ   ÐÏÒÔÕ.
+              ÷ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ  ÒÅÖÉÍÁ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ  ×ÅÒÓÉÊ  ÓÌÕÖ (-sV) ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÍÏÞØ
+              ÔÏÞÎÏ ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÔØ ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÅ É ÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ.
 
-              îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ  ÓÞÉÔÁÀÔ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ UDP-ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÂÅÓÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÍ ÚÁÎÑÔÉÅÍ.
-              íÙ × ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÁÐÏÍÉÎÁÅÍ Ï ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏÊ "ÄÙÒÅ" × ÄÅÍÏÎÅ  rpcbind
-              ïó    Solaris.   ïÎ   ÍÏÖÅÔ   ÂÙÔØ   ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎ   ÎÁ   ÌÀÂÏÍ   ÉÚ
-              ÎÅÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ UDP-ÐÏÒÔÏ× Ó ÎÏÍÅÒÏÍ, ÂÏÌØÛÅ 32770. åÓÌÉ  ×Ù
-              ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔÅ ÅÇÏ, ÔÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕÖÅ ÎÅ ×ÁÖÎÏ, ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ ÌÉ 111-Ê ÐÏÒÔ
-              ÆÁÉÒ×ÏÌÌÏÍ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÔ.
+              îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ   ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ   ÓÞÉÔÁÀÔ    ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ    UDP-ÐÏÒÔÏ×
+              ÂÅÓÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÍ  ÚÁÎÑÔÉÅÍ.  íÙ  ÏÂÙÞÎÏ  ×  ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÁÐÏÍÉÎÁÅÍ ÏÂ
+              ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÏÊ ÄÙÒÅ × ÄÅÍÏÎÅ rpcbind ïó Solaris. Rpcbind  ÍÏÖÅÔ  ÂÙÔØ
+              ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎ  ÎÁ ÌÀÂÏÍ ÉÚ ÎÅÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ UDP-ÐÏÒÔÏ× Ó ÎÏÍÅÒÏÍ,
+              ÂÏÌØÛÅ 32770. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔÅ ÅÇÏ, ÔÏ  ÂÕÄÅÔ  ÕÖÅ  ÎÅ  ×ÁÖÎÏ,
+              ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ  ÌÉ  111-Ê  ÐÏÒÔ ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌÏÍ ÉÌÉ ÎÅÔ. îÏ ËÁË ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+              ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔØ ÎÁ ËÁËÏÍ ÉÍÅÎÎÏ ÉÚ  30,000  ÐÏÒÔÏ×  ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ  rpcbind?
+              ëÏÎÅÞÎÏ ÖÅ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ UDP-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. ôÁËÖÅ ÎÅÄÏËÕÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ
+              (Ó×ÙÛÅ  1024  ÎÏÍÅÒÁ)  ÐÏÒÔÙ  ÞÁÓÔÏ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ  ÔÒÏÑÎÁÍÉ  ÉÌÉ
+              DDoS-ËÌÉÅÎÔÁÍÉ.  ïÞÅÎØ  ÞÁÓÔÏ  ÔÁËÉÅ UDP-ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ ËÁË snmp, tftp,
+              NFS ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÍÅÀÔ ÕÑÚ×ÉÍÏÓÔÉ.
 
-              ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ UDP-ÐÏÒÔÏ×  ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔ  ÏÞÅÎØ  ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ,
+              ë ÓÏÖÁÌÅÎÉÀ, ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ UDP-ÐÏÒÔÏ×  ÏÞÅÎØ  ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÙÊ  ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ,
               ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ  ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ  ×ÓÅ  ïó  ÓÌÅÄÕÀÔ  ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÁÃÉÉ  RFC 1812
               (ÒÁÚÄÅÌ   4.3.2.8)   ÐÏ   ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÀ   ÓËÏÒÏÓÔÉ   ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
-              ICMP-ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ  "ÐÏÒÔ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ". îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÑÄÒÏ Linux (ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
+              ICMP-ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ  "ÐÏÒÔ  ÎÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ". îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÑÄÒÏ Linux (ÆÁÊÌ -
               net/ipv4/icmp.h) ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÔÁËÉÈ  ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ  ÄÏ
               80  ÚÁ  4  ÓÅËÕÎÄÙ Ó ÐÒÏÓÔÏÅÍ 0,25 ÓÅËÕÎÄÙ, ÅÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ
               ÂÙÌÏ ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÅÎÏ. õ ïó Solaris ÅÝÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ  ÖÅÓÔËÏÅ  ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ  (2
               ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑ  ×  ÓÅËÕÎÄÕ),  É ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Solaris ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔ
-              ÅÝÅ   ÂÏÌÅÅ   ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ.    nmap   ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ   ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ   ÜÔÏÇÏ
-              ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ,  É ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÕÍÅÎØÛÁÅÔ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÍÙÈ
-              ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ×,  ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÑ  ÔÅÍ  ÓÁÍÙÍ  ÚÁÔÏÐÌÅÎÉÅ  ÓÅÔÉ  ÎÅÎÕÖÎÙÍÉ
-              ÐÁËÅÔÁÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÃÅÌÅ×ÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÏÊ.
+              ÅÝÅ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ. Nmap ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ,
+              É  ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ  ÕÍÅÎØÛÁÅÔ  ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï  ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÍÙÈ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ×,
+              ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÑ  ÔÅÍ  ÓÁÍÙÍ  ÚÁÔÏÐÌÅÎÉÅ  ÓÅÔÉ  ÎÅÎÕÖÎÙÍÉ  ÐÁËÅÔÁÍÉ,
+              ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÏÊ.
 
-               ëÁË   ÏÂÙÞÎÏ,   Microsoft   ÓÎÏ×Á  ×ÓÅ  ÐÒÏÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÏ×ÁÌÁ,  É  ÎÅ
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ
-               × Ó×ÏÉÈ ïó ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ. ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ×Ù ÏÞÅÎØ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
-               ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ  65535  UDP-ÐÏÒÔÏ×  ÈÏÓÔÁ,  ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÇÏ  ÐÏÄ
-              ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ
-               ïó Windows.
+              ëÁË  ÏÂÙÞÎÏ,  Microsoft  ÐÒÏÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÏ×ÁÌÁ  ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÁÃÉÉ RFC, É ÎÅ
+              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ × Ó×ÏÉÈ ïó ÎÉËÁËÉÈ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÊ.  ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ  nmap  ÍÏÖÅÔ
+              ÏÞÅÎØ   ÂÙÓÔÒÏ   ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ   ×ÓÅ  65535  UDP-ÐÏÒÔÏ×  ÈÏÓÔÁ,
+              ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÅÇÏ ÐÏÄ ÕÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÅÍ ïó Windows. :-)
 
+       -sO    óËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ×  IP.  äÁÎÎÙÊ  ÍÅÔÏÄ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ   ÄÌÑ
+              ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ   IP-ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ×,  ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ  ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ
+              ÈÏÓÔ.   íÅÔÏÄ  ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ  ×  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÅ  ÈÏÓÔÕ  IP-ÐÁËÅÔÏ×   ÂÅÚ
+              ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÁ  ÄÌÑ  ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ  ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ.  åÓÌÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÏ
+              ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ ICMP "protocol unreachable" (ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ),  ÔÏ
+              ÄÁÎÎÙÊ  ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ ÈÏÓÔÏÍ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ. ÷ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ nmap
+              ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔ,  ÞÔÏ   ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ   ÈÏÓÔÏÍ   ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ.   óÔÏÉÔ
+              ÚÁÍÅÔÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ïó (AIX, HP-UX, Digital UNIX) É ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌÙ
+              ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÕ  ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ  "ICMP  protocol  unreach-
+              able". ðÏ ÜÔÏÊ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÅ ×ÓÅ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÙ nmap ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ
+              ËÁË "open" (Ô.Å.  ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ).
 
-       -sO    óËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ   ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ×  IP.  äÁÎÎÙÊ  ÍÅÔÏÄ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ  ÄÌÑ
-              ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ IP-ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ×,  ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÍÙÈ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÍ  ÈÏÓÔÏÍ.
-              íÅÔÏÄ  ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ  ×  ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÅ ÈÏÓÔÕ IP-ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÂÅÚ ËÁËÏÇÏ-ÌÉÂÏ
-              ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÁ  ÄÌÑ  ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ  ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ  ÈÏÓÔÁ.    åÓÌÉ
-              ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÏ  ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ  "ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ  ÎÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ",  ÔÏ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ
-              ÈÏÓÔÏÍ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ. ÷ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ  ÓÌÕÞÁÅ  Nmap  ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÁÇÁÅÔ,
-              ÞÔÏ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÈÏÓÔÏÍ.
+              ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÁÑ ÔÅÈÎÉËÁ ÓÈÏÖÁ ÓÏ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ  UDP-ÐÏÒÔÏ×,
+              ÔÏ    É    ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ    ÅÓÔØ   ÌÉÍÉÔ   ÓËÏÒÏÓÔÉ   ÇÅÎÅÒÁÃÉÉ
+              ICMP-ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ.   ïÄÎÁËÏ  ÐÏÌÅ  "ÔÉÐ   ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ"   IP-ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÁ
+              ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ  ×ÓÅÇÏ  ÌÉÛØ  ÉÚ  8  ÂÉÔ,  ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ  256 ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ× ÂÕÄÕÔ
+              ÏÔÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ÚÁ ÐÒÉÅÍÌÅÍÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ.
 
-              îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ  ïó  (AIX,  HP-UX,  Digital  UNIX)  É  ÆÁÉÒ×ÏÌÌÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ
-              ÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÕ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ "ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ ÎÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ".   ðÏ  ÜÔÏÊ
-              ÐÒÉÞÉÎÅ   ×ÓÅ   ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÅ   ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÙ  ÂÕÄÕÔ  "ÏÔËÒÙÔÙ"  (Ô.Å.
-              ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ). ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÎÁÑ  ÔÅÈÎÉËÁ  ÓÈÏÖÁ  Ó  ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ
-              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ    UDP-ÐÏÒÔÏ×,   ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ   ÓËÏÒÏÓÔÉ   ÇÅÎÅÒÁÃÉÉ
-              ICMP-ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÊ  ÔÁËÖÅ  ÂÕÄÅÔ  ÉÍÅÔØ  ÍÅÓÔÏ.   ïÄÎÁËÏ  ÐÏÌÅ  "ÔÉÐ
-              ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ" IP-ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÁ ÓÏÓÔÏÉÔ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÌÉÛØ ÉÚ 8 ÂÉÔ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ 256
-              ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ× ÂÕÄÕÔ ÏÔÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ÚÁ ÐÒÉÅÍÌÅÍÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ.
+       -sI <-[:]>
+              Idle-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ -  ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ  ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÅÓÔÉ  ÁÂÓÏÌÀÔÎÏ  ÎÅ×ÉÄÉÍÏÅ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÐÏÒÔÏ×.  üÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ÎÉËÁËÉÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ Ó ×ÁÛÅÇÏ
+              ÒÅÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ip-aÄÒÅÓÁ ÎÅ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÕÀ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ. íÅÔÏÄ
+              IdleScan  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ  ÓÔÏÒÏÎÎÉÊ  ËÁÎÁÌ ÄÌÑ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ
+              ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÈÏÓÔ-ÚÏÍÂÉ, É ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÏ ÎÁ  ÍÅÔÏÄÅ  ÐÒÅÄÕÇÁÄÙ×ÁÎÉÑ
+              ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ  ÎÁ  ÈÏÓÔÅ-ÚÏÍÂÉ  ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ  "IP fragmentation ID".
+              óÉÓÔÅÍÙ  ÚÁÝÉÔÙ  ÎÁ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÍ  ÈÏÓÔÅ   ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÔ   ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÏÍ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÈÏÓÔ-ÚÏÍÂÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ.
 
-       -sI <zombie_[:]>
-              óËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ   "×ÈÏÌÏÓÔÕÀ".   ðÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ   ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÅÓÔÉ   ÁÂÓÏÌÀÔÎÏ
-              ÎÅ×ÉÄÉÍÏÅ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÐÏÒÔÏ×.  áÔÁËÕÀÝÉÊ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
-              ÃÅÌØ, ÎÅ ÐÏÓÙÌÁÑ ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÏÔ Ó×ÏÅÇÏ  IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ.   ÷ÍÅÓÔÏ
-              ÜÔÏÇÏ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ  ÍÅÔÏÄ  IdleScan, ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÝÉÊ ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
-              ÖÅÒÔ×Õ ÞÅÒÅÚ  ÔÁË  ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ  ÈÏÓÔ-"ÚÏÍÂÉ".   ëÒÏÍÅ  ÁÂÓÏÌÀÔÎÏÊ
-              ÎÅ×ÉÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ, ÜÔÏÔ ÔÉÐ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÕ
-              ÄÏ×ÅÒÉÑ  ÍÅÖÄÕ  ÍÁÛÉÎÁÍÉ  ÎÁ  ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ  ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ   IP.    ìÉÓÔÉÎÇ
-              ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÏ×  ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÓÏ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÙ ÈÏÓÔÁ-"ÚÏÍÂÉ".
+              ëÒÏÍÅ  ÁÂÓÏÌÀÔÎÏÊ  ÎÅ×ÉÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ,  ÜÔÏÔ ÔÉÐ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ
+              ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ  ÐÏÌÉÔÉËÕ  ÄÏ×ÅÒÉÑ  ÍÅÖÄÕ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÍÉ  ÍÁÛÉÎÁÍÉ  ÎÁ
+              ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ IP. ìÉÓÔÉÎÇ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÏ× ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔ
+              ÐÏÒÔÙ  ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÅ  ÄÌÑ   ÈÏÓÔÁ-"ÚÏÍÂÉ".   ôÁËÉÍ   ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ,   ÍÏÖÎÏ
+              ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÃÅÌØ Ó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ "ÚÏÍÂÉ", ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ
+              ÃÅÌØ ÍÏÖÅÔ "ÄÏ×ÅÒÑÔØ", × ÏÂÈÏÄ ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌÏ×  É  ÐÁËÅÔÎÙÈ  ÆÉÌØÔÒÏ×.
+              ôÁËÏÇÏ  ÒÏÄÁ  ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ  ÍÏÖÅÔ  ÂÙÔØ  ÓÁÍÏÊ  ×ÁÖÎÏÊ  ÐÒÉ ×ÙÂÏÒÅ
+              ÐÒÉÏÒÉÔÅÔÎÙÈ ÃÅÌÅÊ ÄÌÑ ÁÔÁËÉ.
 
-              ôÁËÉÍ  ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ,  ÍÏÖÎÏ  ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ  ÃÅÌØ  Ó   ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ
-              ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ  "ÚÏÍÂÉ",  ËÏÔÏÒÙÍ  ÃÅÌØ  ÍÏÖÅÔ  "ÄÏ×ÅÒÑÔØ",  × ÏÂÈÏÄ
-              ÆÁÉÒ×ÏÌÌÏ× É ÐÁËÅÔÎÙÈ ÆÉÌØÔÒÏ×.  ôÁËÏÇÏ  ÒÏÄÁ  ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ  ÍÏÖÅÔ
-              ÂÙÔØ  ÓÁÍÏÊ  ×ÁÖÎÏÊ ÐÒÉ ×ÙÂÏÒÅ ÃÅÌÅÊ "ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ ÕÄÁÒÁ".  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
-              ÕËÁÚÁÔØ  ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÙÊ  ÐÏÒÔ  ÄÌÑ  ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ   ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ   IPID   ÎÁ
-              ÈÏÓÔÅ-"ÚÏÍÂÉ".  ÷ ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ Nmap ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÏÍÅÒ
-              ÐÏÒÔÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ "tcp ping".
+              ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒËÉ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ IPID ÎÁ
+              ÈÏÓÔÅ-"ÚÏÍÂÉ". ÷ ÉÎÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ nmap ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÐÏÒÔÁ
+              ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÄÌÑ "tcp ping".
 
-              íÙ ÐÏÄÇÏÔÏ×ÉÌÉ  ÓÔÁÔØÀ  Ó  ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅÍ  ÜÔÏÇÏ  ÍÅÔÏÄÁ,  ÷Ù  ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
-              ÏÚÎÁËÏÍÉÔØÓÑ    Ó    ÎÅÊ   ÐÏ   ÁÄÒÅÓÕ   http://www.cherepovets-
-              city.ru/insecure/runmap/runmap-idlescan.htm.
+              þÔÏ ÂÙ ÕÚÎÁÔØ, ÍÏÖÎÏ ÌÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÈÏÓÔ ×  ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å  ÚÏÍÂÉ,  -
+              ÎÕÖÎÏ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔØ nmap c ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ ÏÐÃÉÑÍÉ "-O -v", É × ÐÏÌÅ
+              IPID Sequence Generation ÂÕÄÅÔ ÕËÁÚÁÎ  ÔÉÐ  ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.  åÓÌÉ
+              "Incremental" - ÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ ÈÏÓÔ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ËÁË ÚÏÍÂÉ.
 
-       -sA    éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ   ACK-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.   üÔÏÔ   ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÊ   ÍÅÔÏÄ
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ  ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ (ruleset) ÆÁÉÒ×ÏÌÌÁ.
-              ÷ ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ, ÏÎ ÐÏÍÏÇÁÅÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔ, ÚÁÝÉÝÅÎ ÌÉ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ  ÈÏÓÔ
-              ÆÁÉÒ×ÏÌÌÏÍ  ÉÌÉ  ÐÒÏÓÔÏ  ÐÁËÅÔÎÙÍ ÆÉÌØÔÒÏÍ, ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÝÉÍ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ
-              SYN-ÐÁËÅÔÙ.
+       -sA    óËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ  ACK.  üÔÏÔ  ÍÅÔÏÄ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ
+              ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÂÏÒÁ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌÁ.  ÷  ÞÁÓÔÎÏÓÔÉ,  ÏÎ  ÐÏÍÏÇÁÅÔ
+              ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ  ÚÁÝÉÝÅÎ  ÌÉ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ  ÈÏÓÔ  ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌÏÍ ÉÌÉ ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
+              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÐÁËÅÔÎÙÊ ÆÉÌØÔÒ, ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÝÉÊ ×ÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ SYN-ÐÁËÅÔÙ.
 
-              ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÅ ÎÁ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ ÈÏÓÔÁ  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ  ACK-ÐÁËÅÔ
-              (ÓÏ   ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÍÉ   ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ  ÐÏÌÅÊ  acknowledgement  number  É
-              sequence  number).   åÓÌÉ  ×  ÏÔ×ÅÔ   ÐÒÉÛÅÌ   RST-ÐÁËÅÔ,   ÐÏÒÔ
-              ËÌÁÓÓÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ    ËÁË   "ÎÅÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÊ".    åÓÌÉ   ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ   ÎÅ
-              ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÌÏ (ÉÌÉ ÐÒÉÛÌÏ ICMP-ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ Ï  ÎÅÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÏÓÔÉ  ÐÏÒÔÁ),
-              ÐÏÒÔ  ËÌÁÓÓÉÆÉÃÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ  ËÁË  "ÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÊ". úÁÍÅÔÉÍ, ÞÔÏ nmap ÎÅ
-              ×ÙÄÁÅÔ "ÎÅÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÅ" ÐÏÒÔÙ × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÁÈ, ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÅÓÌÉ  ×Ù  ÎÅ
-              ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔÅ  ÎÉ  ÏÄÎÏÇÏ  ÏÔËÒÙÔÏÇÏ  ÐÏÒÔÁ ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ
-              ÔÉÐÁ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ,  ÜÔÏ   ÂÕÄÅÔ   ÏÚÎÁÞÁÔØ,   ÞÔÏ   ×ÓÅ   ÐÏÒÔÙ
-              ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ   É   Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ   ÎÅÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÍÉ.   ïÂÒÁÝÁÅÍ  ×ÁÛÅ
-              ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ, ÞÔÏ ÜÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ  ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ  ÎÅ  ÐÏËÁÖÅÔ  ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ  ÐÏÒÔÁ
-              "ÏÔËÒÙÔ" × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÁÈ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.
+              üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÏÄÒÁÚÕÍÅ×ÁÅÔ  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÕ  ACK-ÐÁËÅÔÁ  (ÓÏ
+              ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÍÉ  ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ  ÐÏÌÅÊ  acknowledgement number É sequence
+              number)  ÎÁ  ÐÏÒÔ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ  ÈÏÓÔÁ.  åÓÌÉ  ×  ÏÔ×ÅÔ   ÐÒÉÛÅÌ
+              RST-ÐÁËÅÔ,  ÐÏÒÔ  ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË "unfiltered" (ÎÅÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÊ).
+              åÓÌÉ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÅ  ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÌÏ  (ÉÌÉ  ÐÒÉÛÌÏ  ICMP-ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ  "port
+              unreachable"), ÐÏÒÔ ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔÓÑ ËÁË "ÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÊ". úÁÍÅÔÉÍ, ÞÔÏ
+              ÏÂÙÞÎÏ nmap ÎÅ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔ  ÎÅÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÅ  ÐÏÒÔÙ  ×  ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÁÈ,
+              ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ  ÅÓÌÉ  ÐÏÓÌÅ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ áóë ÎÅ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÏ ÎÉ
+              ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÏÔËÒÙÔÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ, ÔÏ ÜÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ ×ÓÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ  Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ
+              ÎÅÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÍÉ (× ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÐÒÉÛÅÌ RST-ÐÁËÅÔ). üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ
+              ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÐÏÒÔÁ "open" × ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÁÈ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.
 
-       -sW    éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ   ÍÅÔÏÄ   TCP   Window.   üÔÏÔ   ÍÅÔÏÄ   ÐÏÈÏÖ   ÎÁ
-              ACK-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ Ó ÅÇÏ  ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
-              ÍÏÖÎÏ   ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÔØ   ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÅ   ÐÏÒÔÙ   ÔÏÞÎÏ   ÔÁË  ÖÅ,  ËÁË  É
-              ÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÅ/ÎÅÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÅ.  üÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ, ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÉ× ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
-              ÐÏÌÑ  Initial Window TCP-ÐÁËÅÔÁ, ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÏÍ × ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÎÁ
-              ÐÏÓÌÁÎÎÙÊ ÅÍÕ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ, ××ÉÄÕ  ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ  ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏÓÔÅÊ
-              ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ   ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ   ÐÏÌÑ  Õ  ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ  ïó.   óÐÉÓÏË  ÕÑÚ×ÉÍÙÈ
-              ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ × ÓÅÂÑ ÐÏ  ËÒÁÊÎÅÊ  ÍÅÒÅ  ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ
-              ×ÅÒÓÉÊ AIX, Amiga, BeOS, BSDI, Cray, Tru64 UNIX, DG/UX, OpenVMS,
-              Digital  UNIX,  FreeBSD,  HP-UX,  OS/2,  IRIX,  MacOS,   NetBSD,
-              OpenBSD,  OpenStep,  QNX,  Rhapsody,  SunOS  4.X,  Ultrix, VAX É
-              VxWorks.  äÌÑ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ  ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ  ÁÒÈÉ×  nmap-
-              hackers.
+       -sW    CËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ  TCP  Window.  üÔÏÔ  ÍÅÔÏÄ  ÏÞÅÎØ  ÐÏÈÏÖ  ÎÁ
+              ACK-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ,  ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ Ó ÅÇÏ ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
+              ÍÏÖÎÏ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ  ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÅ  ÐÏÒÔÙ   ÔÏÞÎÏ   ÔÁË   ÖÅ,   ËÁË   É
+              ÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÅ/ÎÅÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÅ,  ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÑ  ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ  ÐÏÌÑ window size
+              TCP-ÐÁËÅÔÁ,  ×ÏÚ×ÒÁÝÁÅÍÏÇÏ  ÈÏÓÔÏÍ  ×  ÏÔ×ÅÔ  ÎÁ  ÐÏÓÌÁÎÎÙÊ  ÅÍÕ
+              ÚÁÐÒÏÓ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÅÓÔØ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÁÎÏÍÁÌÉÉ ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÌÑ
+              Õ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ïó. óÐÉÓÏË ÕÑÚ×ÉÍÙÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ  ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ  ×
+              ÓÅÂÑ  ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ AIX, Amiga, BeOS, BSDI, Cray, Tru64 UNIX,
+              DG/UX, OpenVMS, Digital UNIX, FreeBSD, HP-UX, OS/2, IRIX, MacOS,
+              NetBSD, OpenBSD, OpenStep, QNX, Rhapsody, SunOS 4.X, Ultrix, VAX
+              É  VxWorks.  äÌÑ  ÂÏÌÅÅ  ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÊ  ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ  ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ   ÁÒÈÉ×
+              ËÏÎÆÅÒÅÎÃÉÉ nmap-hackers.
 
-       -sR    ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ RPC-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ. üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ
-              Ó  ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ  ÍÅÔÏÄÁÍÉ   ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ   É   ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ   ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ
-              ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ,  ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÅÔ RPC-ÐÏÒÔ, É ÎÏÍÅÒ ÅÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ. äÌÑ
-              ÜÔÏÇÏ   ×ÓÅ    ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÅ    TCP/UDP-ÐÏÒÔÙ    ÈÏÓÔÁ    ÚÁÔÏÐÌÑÀÔÓÑ
-              NULL-ËÏÍÁÎÄÁÍÉ   ÏÂÏÌÏÞËÉ   SunRPC,   ÐÏÓÌÅ   ÞÅÇÏ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÀÔÓÑ
-              RPC-ÐÏÒÔÙ É ÚÁËÒÅÐÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÚÁ ÎÉÍÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ.  ôÁËÉÍ  ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ,  ×Ù
-              ÌÅÇËÏ  ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÅ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ, ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÍÏÇÌÉ ÂÙ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
-              ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ ’rpcinfo -p’, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ  portmapper  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ  ÈÏÓÔÁ
-              ÚÁËÒÙÔ ÆÁÉÒ×ÏÌÌÏÍ ÉÌÉ TCP-wrapper’ÏÍ.
+       -sR    RPC-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.  íÅÔÏÄ  ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ × ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÉ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ
+              ÍÅÔÏÄÁÍÉ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.   ÷ÓÅ   ÐÒÅÄ×ÁÒÉÔÅÌØÎÏ   ÏÔÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ
+              ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÅ  ÐÏÒÔÙ ÚÁÔÏÐÌÑÀÔÓÑ NULL-ËÏÍÁÎÄÁÍÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ SunRPC, ÄÌÑ
+              ÔÏÇÏ ÞÔÏÂÙ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ËÁËÉÅ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ× Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ RPC-ÐÏÒÔÁÍÉ,
+              É  ËÁËÉÅ ÚÁ ÎÉÍÉ ÚÁËÒÅÐÌÅÎÎÙÅ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ. ôÁËÉÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, ×Ù ÌÅÇËÏ
+              ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÅ  ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ,  ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ  ÍÏÇÌÉ  ÂÙ  ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ  Ó  ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ
+              ËÏÍÁÎÄÙ  ’rpcinfo  -p’,  ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ portmapper ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ
+              ÚÁËÒÙÔ  ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌÏÍ  ÉÌÉ  TCP-wrapper’ÏÍ.  üÔÏÔ  ÔÉÐ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+              ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ  ÔÁËÖÅ  ÐÒÉ  ×ÙÂÏÒÅ  ÏÐÃÉÉ  ’-sV’  (ÒÅÖÉÍ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ
+              ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÓÌÕÖÂ).
 
-       -sL    ðÏÌÕÞÉÔØ  ÓÐÉÓÏË  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÈ  ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×.  üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ
-              ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×  ÈÏÓÔÏ×,  ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ  âõäõô  ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ
-              Nmap, ÄÏ ÎÁÞÁÌÁ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÀÔÓÑ
-              ÉÍÅÎÁ ÈÏÓÔÏ×, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÜÔÏ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÐÒÅÔÉÔØ,  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ  ÏÐÃÉÀ  -n.
-              ïÐÃÉÑ  ÍÏÖÅÔ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ  ×  ÓÌÕÞÁÅ,  ËÏÇÄÁ  ×ÁÍ  ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
-              ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÂÏÌØÛÏÇÏ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Á ÈÏÓÔÏ× ÐÏ ÉÈ ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍ É Ô.Ä.
+       -sL    CÏÓÔÁ×ÉÔØ ÓÐÉÓÏË  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.  üÔÏÔ  ÍÅÔÏÄ  ÐÒÏÓÔÏ  ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÔ
+              ÓÐÉÓÏË  IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×  ÉÌÉ  ÉͣΠÈÏÓÔÏ× ÂÅÚ ÌÀÂÏÇÏ ÉÈ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.
+              éÍÅÎÁ ÈÏÓÔÏ× ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÏ-ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ, ÎÏ  ÜÔÏ  ÍÏÖÎÏ  ÏÔÍÅÎÉÔØ
+              ÏÐÃÉÅÊ -n.
 
        -b <ftp relay host>
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÔÁËÕ "ðÒÏÒÙ× ÞÅÒÅÚ FTP". éÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÏÊ "×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ"
-              ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ FTP (RFC 959) Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ "ÄÏ×ÅÒÅÎÎÙÈ"  (proxy)
-              ftp-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ.  äÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ, Ó ÄÏ×ÅÒÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ source.com
-              ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØÓÑ Ó ftp-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ target.com  É  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ  ÆÁÊÌ,
-              ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÊÓÑ ÎÁ ÎÅÍ, ÎÁ ÌÀÂÏÊ ÁÄÒÅÓ Internet! úÁÍÅÔÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ÄÁÎÎÁÑ
-              ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁ Ó 1985 ÇÏÄÁ (ËÏÇÄÁ ÂÙÌ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎ  ÜÔÏÔ  RFC).
-              Nmap   ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ   ÜÔÕ   "ÄÙÒÕ"   ÄÌÑ   ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  ÐÏÒÔÏ×  Ó
-              "ÄÏ×ÅÒÅÎÎÏÇÏ"  ftp-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.  éÔÁË,  ×Ù  ÍÏÖÅÔÅ  ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ   Ë
-              ftp-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ    "ÎÁÄ"    ÆÁÉÒ×ÏÌÌÏÍ    É   ÚÁÔÅÍ   ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
-              ÚÁÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ  ÉÍ  ÐÏÒÔÙ  (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ  139-Ê).  åÓÌÉ  ftp-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ
-              ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ  ÞÉÔÁÔØ  É  ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ  ÄÁÎÎÙÅ  ×  ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ  ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ
-              (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ /incoming), ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÌÀÂÙÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ  ÎÁ
-              ÜÔÉ ÐÏÒÔÙ.
+              ðÒÏÒÙ×  ÞÅÒÅÚ  FTP. éÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÏÊ "×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ" ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ FTP (RFC
+              959) Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÁ proxy ftp-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÊ. äÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ, Ó
+              ÄÏ×ÅÒÅÎÎÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ evil.com ÍÏÖÎÏ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÉÔØÓÑ Ó ftp-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÏÍ tar-
+              get.com É ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÆÁÊÌ, ÎÁÈÏÄÑÝÉÊÓÑ ÎÁ ÎÅÍ, ÎÁ ÌÀÂÏÊ  ÁÄÒÅÓ  ×
+              éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ!  úÁÍÅÔÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ÄÁÎÎÁÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÁ Ó 1985 ÇÏÄÁ,
+              ËÏÇÄÁ ÂÙÌ ÎÁÐÉÓÁÎ ÜÔÏÔ RFC. Nmap ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÜÔÕ  ÕÑÚ×ÉÍÏÓÔØ  ÄÌÑ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ   ÐÏÒÔÏ×  Ó  proxy  ftp-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ.  éÔÁË,  ×Ù  ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+              ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ftp-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÕ ÚÁ ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌÏÍ É  ÚÁÔÅÍ  ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
+              ÚÁÂÌÏËÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ 139-Ê. åÓÌÉ ftp-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ
+              ÞÉÔÁÔØ  É  ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ  ÄÁÎÎÙÅ  ×  ËÁËÏÊ-ÌÉÂÏ  ËÁÔÁÌÏÇ  (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ
+              /incoming), ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÌÀÂÙÅ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÎÁ ÜÔÉ ÐÏÒÔÙ.
+              (ÎÏ nmap ÚÁ ×ÁÓ ÜÔÏ ÄÅÌÁÔØ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ).
 
-              áÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ, ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ ÐÏÓÌÅ ’-b’, ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ URL ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ
-              ftp,  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ  ×  ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å   "ÄÏ×ÅÒÅÎÎÏÇÏ".   æÏÒÍÁÔ   URL
-              ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ: _:@:.
-               áÄÒÅÓ  ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ  ÎÕÖÎÏ  ÕËÁÚÁÔØ  ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÏÅ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÎÅ
-              ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ.
+              áÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ,  ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÍÙÊ  ÐÏÓÌÅ  ’-b’,  ÜÔÏ   URL   ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ   ftp,
+              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÇÏ   ×   ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å   proxy.   æÏÒÍÁÔ   URL  ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ:
+              ÉÍÑ_ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ:ÐÁÒÏÌØ@ÓÅÒ×ÅÒ:ÐÏÒÔ. áÄÒÅÓ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ
+              ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ,  ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÏÅ  -  ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏ.  îÕÖÎÏ  ÚÁÍÅÔÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ×
+              ÄÁÎÎÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÜÔÏÔ ×ÉÄ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  ÎÅ  ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÅÎ,  ÐÏÔÏÍÕ  ËÁË
+              ÐÏÞÔÉ   ×Ï  ×ÓÅÈ  ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÑÈ  ÕÑÚ×ÉÍÏÓÔØ,  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÁÑ  ÄÁÎÎÙÍ
+              ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ, ÕÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÁ.
 
-            .
-              üÔÉ ÏÐÃÉÉ ÎÅ ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÙÅ (Ô.Å. ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÁ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÁÑ ÒÁÂÏÔÁ  Nmap
-              É ÂÅÚ ÉÈ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ), ÏÄÎÁËÏ ×ÓÅ ÏÎÉ Ñ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ×ÅÓØÍÁ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÍÉ.
+          
+              îÉ ÏÄÎÁ ÉÚ  ÎÉÖÅÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ  ÏÐÃÉÊ  ÎÅ  Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ  ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÊ,  ÎÏ
+              ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÏÞÅÎØ ÐÏÌÅÚÎÙÍÉ.
 
-       -P0    îÅ  ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØ  ping-ÏÐÒÏÓ  ÈÏÓÔÏ×  ÐÅÒÅÄ  ÉÈ  ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ
-              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ.   üÔÁ  ÏÐÃÉÑ   ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ   ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ   ÓÅÔÉ,
-              ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÝÉÅ  ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÕ  ICMP-ÜÈÁ  Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÆÁÉÒ×ÏÌÌÏ×. ðÒÉÍÅÒÏÍ
-              ÔÁËÏÊ  ÓÅÔÉ  Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ  microsoft.com,   É   ×Ù   ×ÓÅÇÄÁ   ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ  ÏÐÃÉÀ ’-P0’ÉÌÉ ’-PT80’(ÓÍ. ÎÉÖÅ), ËÏÇÄÁ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÔÅ
-              ÔÁËÕÀ ÓÅÔØ.
+       -P0    ÷ÏÏÂÝÅ  ÎÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔØ ping-ÏÐÒÏÓ ÈÏÓÔÏ× ÐÅÒÅÄ ÉÈ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ.
+              üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÅÔÉ,  ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÝÉÅ  ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÕ
+              ICMP-ÜÈÁ  Ó  ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ  ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌÏ×.  ðÒÉÍÅÒÏÍ  ÔÁËÏÊ  ÓÅÔÉ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
+              microsoft.com, É ×Ù ×ÓÅÇÄÁ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÐÃÉÀ ’ -P0 -PS80
+              ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ "ping" ïÂÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÂÏÌØÛÅ, ÞÅÍ ÔÒÁÄÉÃÉÏÎÎÙÊ
+              ICMP echo request ÐÁËÅÔ. Nmap ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÒÁÚÎÙÅ ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÉ  TCP,
+              UDP  É ICMP ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÂÙ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÁËÔÉ×ÅÎ ÌÉ ÈÏÓÔ.
+              ðÏ-ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ nmap ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ ICMP echo request É TCP ACK ÐÁËÅÔ  ÎÁ
+              ÐÏÒÔ 80.
 
-       -PT [_]
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ TCP "ping". ÷ÍÅÓÔÏ ÐÏÓÙÌËÉ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ  ICMP-ÜÈÁ,  Nmap
-              ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ  TCP  ACK-ÐÁËÅÔ  ÎÁ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ É ÏÖÉÄÁÅÍ ÏÔ×ÅÔ.
-              åÓÌÉ ÈÏÓÔ ÁËÔÉ×ÅÎ, ÔÏ  ×  ÏÔ×ÅÔ  ÄÏÌÖÅÎ  ÐÒÉÄÔÉ  RST-ÐÁËÅÔ.  äÌÑ
-              ÎÅ-root  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÆÕÎËÃÉÑ connect(). üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ
-              ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÁÍ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ
-              ÏÂÒÁÂÏÔËÁ  ICMP-ÜÈÁ  ÚÁÐÒÅÝÅÎÁ  ÆÁÉÒ×ÏÌÌÏÍ.  äÌÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ÎÏÍÅÒÁ
-              ÐÏÒÔÁ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ  ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ,  ÎÁ  ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ  ÂÕÄÅÔ   ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØÓÑ
-              ACK-ÐÁËÅÔ,   ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ   ÏÐÃÉÑ   -PT<ÐÏÒÔ1>[,ÐÏÒÔ2][...].  ðÏ
-              ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ  80-Ê  ÐÏÒÔ,  ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ  ÏÎ  ÐÒÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
-              ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÔÓÑ.
+       -PA [()]
+              éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ  TCP  ACK  ping ÄÌÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÑ ÈÏÓÔÁ ×
+              ÓÅÔÉ. ÷ÍÅÓÔÏ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÂÙ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ICMP echo request  ÐÁËÅÔ  É
+              ÖÄÁÔØ  ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ,  ÍÙ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÍ TCP ACK ÐÁËÅÔ ÎÁ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ.
+              åÓÌÉ × ÏÔ×ÅÔ  ÍÙ  ÐÏÌÕÞÉÍ  RST-ÐÁËÅÔ,  ÚÎÁÞÉÔ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ  ÈÏÓÔ
+              ÁËÔÉ×ÅÎ.  üÔÁ  ÏÐÃÉÑ  ÐÏÍÏÇÁÅÔ  ÉÚÂÅÖÁÔØ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÎÅÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
+              ÈÏÓÔÏ× × ÓÅÔÉ, ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÝÅÊ ICMP-ÐÁËÅÔÙ. äÌÑ  ÎÅÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ
+              ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ   ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ   connect()   ÍÅÔÏÄ,   ÐÒÉ  ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ
+              ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔØ  ÈÏÓÔÁ  ÆÁËÔÉÞÅÓËÉ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔÓÑ   ÅÇÏ   ÏÔ×ÅÔÏÍ   ÎÁ
+              ÐÏÓÌÁÎÎÙÊ  ÎÁÍÉ SYN-ÐÁËÅÔ. þÔÏ ÂÙ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÐÏÒÔ(Ù) ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÄÌÑ
+              ÎÁÛÅÇÏ   ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ    -    ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ    ’-PA[,port2][...]’.
+              ðÏ-ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ 80-ÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÞÁÝÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÏÎ ÎÅ
+              ÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÔÓÑ.
 
-       -PS [_]
-              ïÐÃÉÑ,  ÔÁËÖÅ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÁÑ  ÄÌÑ  ping-ÏÐÒÏÓÁ.  ðÒÉ  ÜÔÏÍ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
-              ACK-ÐÁËÅÔÁ TCP "ping"  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ  SYN-ÐÁËÅÔ.  áËÔÉ×ÎÙÅ  ÈÏÓÔÙ
-              ÐÏÓÙÌÁÀÔ × ÏÔ×ÅÔ RST-ÐÁËÅÔÙ (ÒÅÖÅ - SYN|ACK).
+       -PS [()]
+              éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ SYN-ÐÁËÅÔ (ÚÁÐÒÏÓ ÎÁ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ) ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ACK-ÐÁËÅÔÏ×
+              ÄÌÑ   ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÈ  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÅÊ.  áËÔÉ×ÎÙÅ  ÈÏÓÔÙ  ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
+              ÏÔ×ÅÔÉÔØ ÎÁ ÎÁÛ ÐÁËÅÔ RST-ÐÁËÅÔÏÍ (ÉÌÉ ÞÔÏ ÕÖÅ ÒÅÄËÏ - SYN|ACK).
+              íÏÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÎÁÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ ÔÏÞÎÏ ÔÁË ÖÅ ËÁË É × ’-PA’ ÏÐÃÉÉ.
 
-       -PU [_]
-              éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ  UDP  Ping. Nmap ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ UDP-ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÎÁ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ
-              ÈÏÓÔ É ÏÖÉÄÁÅÔ × ÏÔ×ÅÔ ICMP "port unreachable"  (ÉÌÉ  ÏÔ×ÅÔÙ  ÏÔ
-              ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÈ  ÐÏÒÔÏ×  UDP)  ÅÓÌÉ ÈÏÓÔ ÁËÔÉ×ÅÎ. ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï
-              ÓÌÕÖÂ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÉÈ UDP,  ÎÅ  ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÀÔ  ÎÁ  ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ,  ÷ÁÍ  ÌÕÞÛÅ
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÒÔÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÚÁ×ÅÄÏÍÏ ÚÁËÒÙÔÙ.
+       -PR    éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ raw  ethernet  ARP  ping.  ëÏÇÄÁ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ  ÈÏÓÔ
+              ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ × ÏÄÎÏÍ ÆÉÚÉÞÅÓËÏÍ ÓÅÇÍÅÎÔÅ ÓÅÔÉ ÓÏ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÀÝÉÍ, ÍÏÖÎÏ
+              ÂÏÌÅÅ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ É ÎÁÄ£ÖÎÏ (ARP-ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÎÅ ÆÉÌØÔÒÕÀÔÓÑ ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌÏÍ  ÉÌÉ
+              ÄÒÕÇÉÍ  IP-ÆÉÌØÔÒÏÍ)  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ  ÁËÔÉ×ÅÎ  ÌÉ  ÏÎ. Nmap ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ
+              IPv4-to-Ethernet ARP-ÚÁÐÒÏÓ ÄÌÑ  ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ  ÈÏÓÔÁ  É
+              ÓÍÏÔÒÉÔ   ÚÁ   ÐÒÉÈÏÄÑÝÉÍÉ  ARP-ÏÔ×ÅÔÁÍÉ.  üÔÁ  ÏÐÃÉÑ  ÎÅ  ÍÏÖÅÔ
+              ËÏÍÂÉÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÔÉÐÁÍÉ ping-ÏÐÒÏÓÁ.  -PU  [()]
+              üÔÁ  ÏÐÃÉÑ  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÔ  UDP-ÚÁÐÒÏÓ  ÎÁ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ. åÓÌÉ ×
+              ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÐÒÉÈÏÄÉÔ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ "ICMP port unreachable", ÉÌÉ  UDP-ÏÔ×ÅÔ
+              (ÐÏÒÔ  ÏÔËÒÙÔ),  ÔÏ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ  ÈÏÓÔ ÁËÔÉ×ÅÎ. ðÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÍÎÏÇÉÅ
+              UDP-ÓÅÒ×ÉÓÙ  ÎÅ  ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÀÔ  ÎÁ  ÐÕÓÔÏÊ  ÐÁËÅÔ,  ÌÕÞÛÅ   ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ
+              ÐÒÅÄÐÏÌÏÖÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÚÁËÒÙÔÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ.
 
-       -PE    üÔÁ   ÏÐÃÉÑ   ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ   ×  ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å  ping-ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁ  ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÙÊ
-              ping-ÐÁËÅÔ  (ÚÁÐÒÏÓ  ICMP-ÜÈÁ).  ïÐÃÉÑ  ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ  ÄÌÑ  ÐÏÉÓËÁ
-              ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ   ÈÏÓÔÏ×   Á   ÔÁËÖÅ   ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×   ÓÅÔÅÊ  Ó  ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØÀ
-              ÛÉÒÏËÏ×ÅÝÁÎÉÑ.  ôÁËÉÅ ÓÅÔÉ ÐÅÒÅÓÙÌÁÀÔ ÐÒÉÂÙ×ÛÉÊ ICMP-ÐÁËÅÔ  ×ÓÅÍ
-              Ó×ÏÉÍ  ÏÂßÅËÔÁÍ.   ëÁË  ÐÒÁ×ÉÌÏ,  ÔÁËÉÅ  ÓÅÔÉ ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÀÔ ÓÏÂÏÊ
-              "ÖÉ×ÕÀ ÍÉÛÅÎØ" ÄÌÑ ÈÁËÅÒÁ.
+       -PE    éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ  "ÎÁÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ"  ping  (ÐÏÓÙÌÁÔØ  ÎÁ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ
+              "ICMP echo request" ÐÁËÅÔ).  ðÒÉ  ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÉ  ÜÔÏÊ  ÏÐÃÉÉ  ÉÝÕÔÓÑ
+              ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÅ  ÈÏÓÔÙ  É  broadcast-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ  (ÁÄÒÅÓÁ  ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ  ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ
+              ×ÎÅÛÎÅ,  É  ÔÒÁÎÓÌÉÒÕÀÔ   ÐÒÉÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ   IP-ÐÁËÅÔÙ   ×ÓÅÍ   ÈÏÓÔÁÍ
+              ×ÎÕÔÒÅÎÎÅÊ   ÓÅÔÉ).    ôÁËÉÅ  ÁÄÒÅÓÁ  ÍÏÇÕÔ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ  ÄÌÑ
+              ÏÒÇÁÎÉÚÁÃÉÉ DoS-ÁÔÁË. (áÔÁËÁ ÔÉÐÁ ÏÔËÁÚ × ÏÂÓÌÕÖÉ×ÁÎÉÉ)
 
-       -PP    éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ  ÐÁËÅÔ  ICMP  "timestamp  request  (code   13)"   ÄÌÑ
+       -PP    éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ  ÐÁËÅÔ  ICMP  "timestamp  request  (type  13)"  ÄÌÑ
               ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÈÏÓÔÏ×.
 
-       -PM    óÈÏÖÁ  Ó ÏÐÃÉÑÍÉ -PE É -PP ÚÁ ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ
-              ÐÁËÅÔ "netmask request" (ICMP code 17).
+       -PM    éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ   ÐÁËÅÔ   ICMP  "netmask  request  (type  17)"  ÄÌÑ
+              ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ ÈÏÓÔÏ×.
 
-       -PB    ÒÅÖÉÍ ping-ÏÐÒÏÓÁ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏ  ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ
-              ÔÉÐÁ ACK ( -PT ) É ICMP ( -PE ).
+       -PB [()]
+              üÔÏ ÔÉÐ ping-ÏÐÒÏÓÁ ÐÏ-ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ. ïÎ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ  ACK
+              (  -PA  )  É "ICMP echo request" ÐÁËÅÔ ( -PE ). üÔÉÍ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÍÏÖÎÏ
+              ÏÂÏÊÔÉ ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌ ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÔ ÏÄÉÎ ÉÚ ÜÔÉÈ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.
 
-       -O     üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÕÀ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ
-              ÈÏÓÔÁ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÍÅÔÏÄÁ ÏÔÐÅÞÁÔËÏ× ÓÔÅËÁ TCP/IP. äÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ,
-              Nmap  ÁËÔÉ×ÉÚÉÒÕÅÔ  ÍÏÝÎÙÊ  ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍ,  ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÉÒÕÀÝÉÊ ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×Å
-              ÁÎÁÌÉÚÁ Ó×ÏÊÓÔ× ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÇÏ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÑ  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÊ
-              ÎÁ  ÎÅÍ ïó. ÷ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ ÆÏÒÍÁÌÉÚÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ
-              "ÏÔÐÅÞÁÔÏË",  ÓÏÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ  ÉÚ  ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ  ÔÅÓÔÏ×ÙÈ  ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ×   É
-              "ÏÔ×ÅÔÏ×"  ÈÏÓÔÁ ÎÁ ÎÉÈ. úÁÔÅÍ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÙÊ ÏÔÐÅÞÁÔÏË ÓÒÁ×ÎÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
-              Ó ÉÍÅÀÝÅÊÓÑ ÂÁÚÏÊ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ ÏÔ×ÅÔÏ× ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ïó, ÈÒÁÎÑÝÅÊÓÑ ×
-              ÆÁÊÌÅ  nmap-os-fingerprinting,  É ÎÁ ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔÓÑ
-              ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ Ï ÔÉÐÅ É ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ïó ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ.
+       -O     (Operating system detection) - ÜÔÁ  ÏÐÃÉÑ  ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ
+              ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÕÀ   ÓÉÓÔÅÍÕ   ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ  ÈÏÓÔÁ  Ó  ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ  ÓÎÑÔÉÑ
+              ÏÔÐÅÞÁÔËÏ× ÓÔÅËÁ  TCP/IP.  äÒÕÇÉÍÉ  ÓÌÏ×ÁÍÉ,  nmap  ÁËÔÉ×ÉÚÉÒÕÅÔ
+              ÍÏÝÎÙÊ  ÁÌÇÏÒÉÔÍ,  ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÉÒÕÀÝÉÊ  ÎÁ  ÏÓÎÏ×Å  ÁÎÁÌÉÚÁ  Ó×ÏÊÓÔ×
+              ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ  ÓÔÅËÁ  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÎÏÊ  ÎÁ  ÈÏÓÔÅ   ïó.   ÷   ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  ÐÏÌÕÞÁÅÔÓÑ  "ÏÔÐÅÞÁÔÏË",  ÓÏÓÔÏÑÝÉÊ ÉÚ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ
+              ÔÅÓÔÏ×ÙÈ ÚÁÐÒÏÓÏ× É "ÏÔ×ÅÔÏ×" ÈÏÓÔÁ  ÎÁ  ÎÉÈ.  úÁÔÅÍ  ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÙÊ
+              ÏÔÐÅÞÁÔÏË  ÓÒÁ×ÎÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ  Ó  ÉÍÅÀÝÅÊÓÑ  ÂÁÚÏÊ ÓÔÁÎÄÁÒÔÎÙÈ ÏÔ×ÅÔÏ×
+              ÉÚ×ÅÓÔÎÙÈ ïó, ÈÒÁÎÑÝÅÊÓÑ × ÆÁÊÌÅ  nmap-os-fingerprinting,  É  ÎÁ
+              ÏÓÎÏ×ÁÎÉÉ   ÜÔÏÇÏ   ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔÓÑ  ÒÅÛÅÎÉÅ  Ï  ÔÉÐÅ  É  ×ÅÒÓÉÉ  ïó
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ.
 
-              üÔÏÔ ÍÅÔÏÄ ÔÒÅÂÕÅÔ ÎÁÌÉÞÉÑ ÈÏÔÑ ÂÙ  ÏÄÎÏÇÏ  ÚÁËÒÙÔÏÇÏ  É  ÏÄÎÏÇÏ
-              ÏÔËÒÙÔÏÇÏ  ÐÏÒÔÁ  ÎÁ ÃÅÌÅ×ÏÍ ÈÏÓÔÅ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÔÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÕ, Õ
-              ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ ÜÔÏ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÅ ×ÙÐÏÌÎÑÅÔÓÑ,  ÎÏ  Nmap  ÎÅ  ÓÍÏÇ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ
-              ×ÅÒÓÉÀ  ïó  -  ×ÙÛÌÉÔÅ  ÎÁÍ  ÁÄÒÅÓ  ÜÔÏÊ  ÍÁÛÉÎÙ.  åÓÌÉ  ÖÅ,  ÐÏ
-              ËÁËÉÍ-ÌÉÂÏ ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÍ ×ÙÓÌÁÔØ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÎÅ  ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ  ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ,
-              ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ Nmap Ó ÏÐÃÉÅÊ ’-d’ É ×ÙÛÌÉÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÙÊ ÏÔÐÅÞÁÔÏË.
+              åÓÌÉ nmap ÎÅ ÓÍÏÇ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ OC ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ,  ÐÏÔÏÍÕ  ÞÔÏ
+              ÔÁËÏÇÏ   ÏÔÐÅÞÁÔËÁ  ÅÝ£  ÎÅÔ  ×  ÂÁÚÅ,  ÎÏ  ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÅ  ÏÔÐÅÞÁÔËÁ
+              ÐÒÅÄÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÙÍ (ÎÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÅ ÈÏÔÑ ÂÙ ÏÄÉÎ ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÊ  ÐÏÒÔ)
+              nmap  ÕËÁÖÅÔ  url, ÎÁ ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ ×Ù ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÏÔÐÅÞÁÔÏË ÄÌÑ
+              ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÑ ÅÇÏ ÒÁÚÒÁÂÏÔÞÉËÁÍÉ × ÂÁÚÕ  ÏÔÐÅÞÁÔËÏ×,  ÅÓÌÉ  ×Ù  ÔÏÞÎÏ
+              ÚÎÁÅÔÅ  ÞÔÏ  ÚÁ  ïó ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÍ ÈÏÓÔÅ. úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ,
+              ÅÓÌÉ  ×Ù  ÕËÁÖÅÔÅ  ip-ÁÄÒÅÓ  ÍÁÛÉÎÙ,  ÄÌÑ  ËÏÔÏÒÏÊ  ×Ù  ÐÒÉÓÌÁÌÉ
+              ÏÔÐÅÞÁÔÏË,  ÔÏ  ÐÒÉ ×ÎÅÓÅÎÉÉ ÅÇÏ × ÂÁÚÕ ÜÔÁ ÍÁÛÉÎÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÅÝ£ ÒÁÚ
+              ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ ÄÌÑ ÐÏÄÔ×ÅÒÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÏ×.
 
-       -6     ïÐÃÉÑ  ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÅÔ  ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ  ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ  IPv6.  ÷ÓÅ  ÈÏÓÔÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ
-              ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ IPv6 ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÜÔÏÊ  ÏÐÃÉÉ,  É  ÍÏÇÕÔ  ÂÙÔØ
-              ÕËÁÚÁÎÙ   ÐÕÔÅÍ   ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏÇÏ   ÉÍÅÎÉ   DNS  (ÚÁÐÉÓØ  AAAA)  ÉÌÉ
+              ïÐÃÉÑ ’-ï’ ÔÁËÖÅ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÕÅÔ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÔÅÓÔÏ×. ïÄÉÎ ÉÚ
+              ÔÁËÉÈ  ËÁË  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  "TCP  timestamp" ÏÐÃÉÉ (RFC 1323) ÄÌÑ
+              ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ ÈÏÓÔÁ  Ó  ÍÏÍÅÎÔÁ  ÅÇÏ  ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ
+              ÐÅÒÅÚÁÇÒÕÚËÉ. üÔÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ Ó ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÉÑ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ.
+
+              äÒÕÇÏÊ ÔÅÓÔ, ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÕÅÍÙÅ ÏÐÃÉÅÊ ’-O’ -  ÜÔÏ  "TCP  Sequence
+              Predictability  Classification"  - ËÌÁÓÓÉÆÉËÁÃÉÑ ÐÒÅÄÓËÁÚÕÅÍÏÓÔÉ
+              ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ TCP.  åÇÏ  ÓÕÔØ  ×  ÔÏÍ,  ÞÔÏ  ÂÙ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ
+              ÎÁÓËÏÌØËÏ  ÔÑÖÅÌÏ  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ  ÐÏÄÄÅÌØÎÏÅ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ Ó ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ
+              ÍÁÛÉÎÏÊ. üÔÁ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ  ÄÌÑ  ÏÂÈÏÄÁ  ÐÒÁ×
+              ÄÏÓÔÕÐÁ  Ë  ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÊ  ÍÁÛÉÎÅ  ÉÌÉ  ÓËÒÙÔÉÑ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÁ ÁÔÁËÉ. üÔÁ
+              ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÒÉ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÉ ’-v’.
+
+              ëÏÇÄÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ’-v’ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ’-O’, - ÞÁÓÔÏÔÁ ÇÅÎÅÒÁÃÉÉ
+              IPID  ÔÁËÖÅ  ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÅÔÓÑ.  âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï  ÍÁÛÉÎ  ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÀÔÓÑ ËÁË
+              "incremental", ÞÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÐÏÌÑ "ID" ×  ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ËÅ  IP
+              ÄÌÑ  ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÎÏÇÏ  ÐÁËÅÔÁ  ÎÁ ÏÄÉÎÁËÏ×ÕÀ ×ÅÌÉÞÉÎÕ, ÞÔÏ
+              ÄÅÌÁÅÔ ÉÈ ÕÑÚ×ÉÍÙÍÉ  ÄÌÑ  ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ  ÕÇÌÕÂÌ£ÎÎÙÈ  ÍÅÔÏÄÏ×  ÓÂÏÒÁ
+              ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ É spoof-ÁÔÁË.
+
+       --osscan_limit
+              ïÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ  ïó ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÅÅ, ÅÓÌÉ
+              ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ ÈÏÔÑ ÂÙ ÏÄÉÎ ÚÁËÒÙÔÙÊ É ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÊ ÐÏÒÔ.  éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ  ÜÔÕ
+              ÏÐÃÉÀ  É  nmap  ÎÅ  ÂÕÄÅÔ  ÐÒÏÂÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÔØ ïó, ÅÓÌÉ ÔÁËÏ×ÙÈ
+              ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÎÅ  ÎÁÊÄÅÎÏ.  üÔÏ  ÍÏÖÅÔ  ÓÏËÒÁÔÉÔØ  ×ÒÅÍÑ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ,
+              ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ  ÐÒÉ  -P0  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ  ÍÎÏÖÅÓÔ×Á  ÈÏÓÔÏ×.  üÔÁ  ÏÐÃÉÑ
+              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó ’-O’ ÉÌÉ ’-A’ ÏÐÃÉÑÍÉ.
+
+       -A     üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ  ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ  ÒÅÖÉÍ  Additional  Advanced  É  Aggressive,
+              ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÑÑ  ÏÐÃÉÉ  ’-O’  É ’-sV’. ÷ ÂÕÄÕÝÅÍ ÜÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÐÌÁÎÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ
+              ÄÌÑ ÏÂßÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ ÍÎÏÇÉÈ ÏÐÃÉÊ, ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ ÞÔÏ ÂÙ ÍÅÎØÛÅ ÚÁÐÏÍÉÎÁÔØ.
+              ;-)
+
+       -6     üÔÁ  ÏÐÃÉÑ  ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ  ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ  ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÁ IPv6. ÷ÓÅ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÅ
+              ÈÏÓÔÙ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÔØ IPv6 ÐÒÉ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÜÔÏÊ  ÏÐÃÉÉ,  É
+              ÍÏÇÕÔ ÂÙÔØ ÕËÁÚÁÎÙ ÐÕÔÅÍ ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏÇÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ DNS (ÚÁÐÉÓØ AAAA) ÉÌÉ
               ÌÉÔÅÒÁÌØÎÙÍ                 IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ,                 ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ
               3ffe:501:4819:2000:210:f3ff:fe03:4d0.    îÁ    ÄÁÎÎÙÊ    ÍÏÍÅÎÔ,
               ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖÉ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÍÅÔÏÄÙ TCP  connect()-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  É  TCP
-              connect() Ping-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.  åÓÌÉ ÷ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ UDP ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ
-              ÔÉÐ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ,   ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ   ÓÓÙÌËÕ   http://nmap6.source-
-              forge.net/
+              connect()  Ping-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ. åÓÌÉ ÷ÁÓ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÕÅÔ UDP ÉÌÉ ÄÒÕÇÏÊ
+              ÔÉÐ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÐÏÓÅÔÉÔÅ http://nmap6.sourceforge.net/.
 
-       -I     éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ  reverse-ident  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.  ðÒÏÔÏËÏÌ  Ident (RFC
-              1413) ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ×ÓËÒÙÔØ ÉÍÑ  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ  (username)  ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ,
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÝÅÇÏ  TCP,  ÄÁÖÅ  ÅÓÌÉ  ÜÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÎÅ ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÌ
-              ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ. ôÁË, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÄËÌÀÞÉÔØÓÑ Ë ÐÏÒÔÕ http É
-              ÚÁÔÅÍ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ  identd  ÄÌÑ  ÐÏÉÓËÁ ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ
-              root. üÔÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÂÙÔØ ÓÄÅÌÁÎÏ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÉ  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ  "ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ"
-              TCP-ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ  Ó  ÐÏÒÔÏÍ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ  ÍÁÛÉÎÙ  (Ô.Å. ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÐÃÉÀ ’-sT’). Nmap ÏÐÒÁÛÉ×ÁÅÔ  identd  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ
-              ÈÏÓÔÁ  ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏ  Ó  ËÁÖÄÙÍ ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÍ ÐÏÒÔÏÍ. åÓÔÅÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ, ÜÔÏÔ
-              ÍÅÔÏÄ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ  ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ,  ÅÓÌÉ  ÎÁ  ÃÅÌÅ×ÏÍ  ÈÏÓÔÅ  ÎÅ  ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎ
-              identd.
+       --send_eth
+              üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ nmap ÏÔÓÙÌÁÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ  ÎÁ  ËÁÎÁÌØÎÏÍ  ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ
+              (data  link  layer)  ×ÍÅÓÔÏ  ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ  ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ  (network  layer).
+              ðÏ-ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ nmap ÓÁÍ ×ÙÂÉÒÁÅÔ ÎÁ ËÁËÏÍ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÐÁËÅÔÙ
+              ×  ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏÓÔÉ  ÏÔ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÏÊ  ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ. Raw-ÓÏËÅÔÙ (ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÊ
+              ÕÒÏ×ÅÎØ) ÂÏÌÅÅ ÜÆÆÅËÔÉ×ÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÁ UNIX  ÍÁÛÉÎÁÈ,  ÏÄÎÁËÏ
+              ÎÁ  ËÁÎÁÌØÎÏÍ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÌÕÞÛÅ ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÉÒÕÀÔ ïó ÓÅÍÅÊÓÔ×Á Windows, ×
+              ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ  Microsoft   ÏÔËÌÀÞÉÌÁ   ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÕ   raw-ÓÏËÅÔÏ×.   Nmap
+              ÏÄÎÏÚÎÁÞÎÏ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ raw-ÓÏËÅÔÙ ÅÓÌÉ ÎÅÔ ÄÒÕÇÏÇÏ ×ÙÂÏÒÁ
+              (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ × ÎÅ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ).
 
-       -f     üÔÁ   ÏÐÃÉÑ   ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ   ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ  Ó  SYN,  FIN,  Xmas  ÉÌÉ
-              NULL-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ É  ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ  ÎÁ  ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
-              IP-ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ  Ó ÍÁÌÙÍ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÏ×. éÄÅÑ ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ ×
-              ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÒÁÚÂÉÔØ TCP-ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ÏË ÐÁËÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ  ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÏ×
-              (ÏÂÙÞÎÏ  Ä×Á) ÎÁ ÓÔÏÒÏÎÅ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÁ.  óËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ "ÓÏÂÉÒÁÅÔ"
-              ÜÔÉ IP-ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÙ × ÏÄÉÎ TCP-ÐÁËÅÔ.
+       --send_ip
+              üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ nmap  ÏÔÓÙÌÁÔØ  ÐÁËÅÔÙ  ÎÁ  ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÍ  ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ
+              (network   layer)  ×ÍÅÓÔÏ  ËÁÎÁÌØÎÏÇÏ  (data  link  layer).  üÔÏ
+              ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÏÐÏÌÏÖÎÁÑ ÏÐÃÉÑ Ë ’--send_eth’.
 
-              üÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ  ÕÓÌÏÖÎÑÅÔ  ÆÉÌØÔÒÁÃÉÀ  ÐÁËÅÔÏ×,  ÒÁÂÏÔÕ  ÓÉÓÔÅÍ
-              ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ  É  ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÈ ÓÒÅÄÓÔ× ÚÁÝÉÔÙ, É ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ Nmap
-              ÓËÒÙÔØ Ó×ÏÉ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ.  âÕÄØÔÅ ÏÓÔÏÒÏÖÎÙ,  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ  ÜÔÕ  ÏÐÃÉÀ!
-              îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ   ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ   "ÚÁ×ÉÓÁÀÔ"  ÐÒÉ  ÐÏÐÙÔËÅ  ÓÏÂÒÁÔØ  ÔÁËÉÅ
-              ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÅ ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÙ. ôÁË, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,  ×ÅÓØÍÁ  ÎÅÐÌÏÈÏÊ  "ÓÎÉÆÆÅÒ"
-              ÚÁ×ÉÓ  ÓÒÁÚÕ  ÖÅ ÐÒÉ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÉ ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ 36-ÂÁÊÔÎÏÇÏ ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÁ.  á
-              ÓÌÅÄÏÍ ÚÁ ÎÉÍ ÐÒÉÛÅÌ 24-ÂÁÊÔÎÙÊ ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔ.
+       --spoof_mac [mac, prefix, or vendor substring]
+              üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÚÁÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ nmap  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ  ÚÁÄÁÎÎÙÊ  MAC-ÁÄÒÅÓ  ×Ï
+              ×ÓÅÈ   ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ   ÐÁËÅÔÁÈ  ËÁÎÁÌØÎÏÇÏ  ÕÒÏ×ÎÑ.  áÄÒÅÓ  ÍÏÖÅÔ
+              ÚÁÄÁ×ÁÔØÓÑ × ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ. åÓÌÉ ÜÔÏ  ÐÒÏÓÔÏ  ÓÔÒÏËÁ  "0",
+              nmap ×ÙÂÅÒÅÔ ÐÏÌÎÏÓÔØÀ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÊ MAC-ÁÄÒÅÓ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÓÅÓÓÉÉ. åÓÌÉ
+              ÚÁÄÁÎÎÙÊ ÁÄÒÅÓ - ÎÁÂÏÒ ÛÅÓÔÎÁÄÃÁÔÅÒÉÞÎÙÈ ÞÉÓÅÌ, Ó ÒÁÚÄÅÌÉÔÅÌÅÍ ×
+              ×ÉÄÅ   Ä×ÏÅÔÏÞÉÑ,   nmap   ÂÕÄÅÔ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ  ÜÔÕ  ÓÔÒÏËÕ  ËÁË
+              íáó-ÁÄÒÅÓ. åÓÌÉ ÚÁÄÁÎÏ ÍÅÎØÛÅ 12 ÛÅÓÔÎÁÄÃÁÔÅÒÉÞÎÙÈ  ÞÉÓÅÌ,  nmap
+              ÓÁÍ  ÚÁÐÏÌÎÉÔ  ÎÅÄÏÓÔÁÀÝÉÅ  ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÍÉ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ. åÓÌÉ ÚÁÄÁÎÎÙÊ
+              ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ ÎÅ 0 É  ÎÅ  ÛÅÓÔÎÁÄÃÁÔÅÒÉÞÎÁÑ  ÓÔÒÏËÁ,  ÔÏ  nmap  ÂÕÄÅÔ
+              ÉÓËÁÔØ  ×  ÆÁÊÌÅ  nmap-mac-prefixes  ÐÏÈÏÖÅÅ  ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ  × ÉÍÅÎÁÈ
+              ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÅÊ ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ ÏÂÏÒÕÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. åÓÌÉ  ÔÁËÏÊ  ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌØ
+              ÂÕÄÅÔ  ÎÁÊÄÅÎ, nmap ×ÏÚØÍÅÔ OUI (3ÂÁÊÔÎÙÊ ÐÒÅÆÉËÓ) ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÑ
+              É ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔ ÅÇÏ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÍÉ  3  ÂÁÊÔÁÍÉ,  ×  ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÅ  ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔÓÑ
+              ÐÏÄÄÅÌØÎÙÊ  íáó-ÁÄÒÅÓ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÏÇÏ  ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÅÌÑ. ðÒÁ×ÉÌØÎÙÍÉ
+              ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁÍÉ   --spoof_mac   ÂÕÄÕÔ,   ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ:   "Apple",   "0",
+              "01:02:03:04:05:06", "deadbeefcafe", "0020F2", É "Cisco".
 
-       -v     éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÅÖÉÍ "ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÇÏ ÏÔÞÅÔÁ". üÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ  ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ  ×  ÌÀÂÙÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÐÒÉ ÜÔÏÍ Nmap ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏ
-              ÓÏÏÂÝÁÅÔ Ï  ÈÏÄÅ  ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ  ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ  ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ.  äÌÑ  ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ
-              ÌÕÞÛÅÇÏ  ÜÆÆÅËÔÁ  ÍÏÖÎÏ  ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÅÅ Ä×ÁÖÄÙ. îÕ Á ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÕËÁÖÅÔÅ
-              ÅÝÅ ÏÐÃÉÀ -d ÔÏ ÏÔ ÓËÒÏÌÌÉÎÇÁ ÜËÒÁÎÁ  Õ  ×ÁÓ  ÍÏÖÅÔ  ÚÁËÒÕÖÉÔØÓÑ
-              ÇÏÌÏ×Á.
+       -f     (fragment  packets)  -  ÜÔÁ  ÏÐÃÉÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ Ó SYN,
+              FIN, Xmas ÉÌÉ NULL-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ  É  ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ  ÎÁ  ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ
+              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  IP-ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÁÃÉÉ.  éÄÅÑ  ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ  × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏÂÙ
+              ÒÁÚÂÉÔØ TCP-ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ÏË ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÅÇÏ ÐÁËÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÏ×.
+              óËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ   ÈÏÓÔ   ÄÅÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÉÒÕÅÔ  ÜÔÉ  IP-ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÙ  ×  ÏÄÉÎ
+              TCP-ÐÁËÅÔ.  æÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ  ÕÓÌÏÖÎÑÅÔ  ÆÉÌØÔÒÁÃÉÀ
+              ÐÁËÅÔÏ×,  ÒÁÂÏÔÕ  ÓÉÓÔÅÍ  ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ  É ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÈ ÓÒÅÄÓÔ×
+              ÚÁÝÉÔÙ, É ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ nmap ÓËÒÙÔØ Ó×ÏÉ  ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ.  ïÄÎÁËÏ  ÓÌÅÄÕÅÔ
+              ÏÓÔÏÒÏÖÎÏ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÁÎÎÕÀ ÏÐÃÉÀ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÓÔÁÒÙÅ
+              ÉÌÉ  ÎÅÐÒÏÆÅÓÓÉÏÎÁÌØÎÙÅ  ÎÏ×ÙÅ  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ,  ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ   ÓÎÉÆÆÅÒÙ,
+              ÐÒÏÓÔÏ  ÚÁ×ÉÓÁÀÔ  ÐÒÉ ÐÏÐÙÔËÅ ÓÏÂÒÁÔØ ÔÁËÉÅ ÍÁÌÅÎØËÉÅ ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÙ.
+              õËÁÖÉÔÅ ÜÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ ÏÄÉÎ ÒÁÚ É  nmap  ÂÕÄÅÔ  ÒÁÚÂÉ×ÁÔØ  ÐÁËÅÔÙ  ÎÁ
+              8ÂÁÊÔÏ×ÙÅ  ÉÌÉ  ÍÅÎØÛÅ  ÐÁËÅÔÙ, ÉÓËÌÀÞÁÑ IP-ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ÏË. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,
+              20-ÂÁÊÔÏ×ÙÊ TCP ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ÏË ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÚÂÉÔ ÎÁ 3 ÐÁËÅÔÁ  -  ÎÁ  2  ÐÏ
+              8ÂÁÊÔ   É   ÏÄÉÎ  ÎÁ  4.   ëÏÎÅÞÎÏ  ÖÅ,  ËÁÖÄÙÊ  ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔ  ÉÍÅÅÔ
+              ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ IP-ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ÏË.  õËÁÖÉÔÅ ÏÐÃÉÀ ’-f’ ÅÝ£ ÒÁÚ  É  ÐÁËÅÔÙ
+              ÂÕÄÕÔ  ÒÁÚÂÉ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ ÎÁ 16ÂÁÊÔÎÙÅ ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÙ. éÌÉ ×Ù
+              ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ  Ó×ÏÊ  ÓÏÂÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ  ÒÁÚÍÅÒ  ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÁ,  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ
+              ÏÐÃÉÀ  ’--mtu’.  îÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÜÔÉ (-f É --mtu) ÏÐÃÉÉ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ, É
+              ÎÅ ÚÁÂÙ×ÁÊÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒ ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÁ ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÂÙÔØ ËÒÁÔÅÎ 8.
 
-       -h     ðÅÞÁÔÁÅÔ  ÓÐÒÁ×ËÕ  ÐÏ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ  Nmap  Ó  ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅÍ ÏÐÃÉÊ É
-              ËÒÁÔËÏÇÏ ÉÈ ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ, ÎÅ ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÑ ÓÁÍÕ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ.
+              úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ïó, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ Linux c ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÙÍ  ÍÏÄÕÌÅÍ
+              ip  tables connection tracking, ÄÅÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÉÒÕÀÔ ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ
+              ÎÁ ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ ÑÄÒÁ. ðÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ ÇÅÎÅÒÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ nmap  ÆÒÁÇÍÅÎÔÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÊ
+              ÔÒÁÆÉË ÓÎÉÆÆÅÒÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÂÙ ×ÙÑÓÎÉÔØ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ ÌÉ ÏÐÃÉÑ ’-f’.
+
+       -v     (verbose output) - ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÇÏ ÏÔÞÅÔÁ. åÓÌÉ ×Ù
+              ÕËÁÖÅÔÅ  ÜÔÕ  ÏÐÃÉÀ,  nmap  ÂÕÄÅÔ  ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏ  ÓÏÏÂÝÁÔØ   Ï   ÈÏÄÅ
+              ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÔÅËÕÝÅÊ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÉ. äÌÑ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÉÑ ÌÕÞÛÅÇÏ ÜÆÆÅËÔÁ ÍÏÖÎÏ
+              ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÅÅ Ä×ÁÖÄÙ. íÏÖÅÔÅ ÅÝ£ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÒÁÚ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÏÐÃÉÀ ’ -d
+
+       -h     (help) - ÐÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ ËÒÁÔËÕÀ ÉÎÓÔÒÕËÃÉÀ ÐÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÀ  nmap  Ó
+              ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅÍ  ÏÐÃÉÊ  É  ËÒÁÔËÏÇÏ  ÉÈ  ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÑ,  ÎÅ  ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÑ  ÓÁÍÕ
+              ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ.
 
        -oN <_>
-              úÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ  ÆÁÊÌ    
-                ÆÏÒÍÅ.
+              (output Normal) - ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  ×  ÕÄÏÂÎÏÊ
+              ÄÌÑ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÆÏÒÍÅ × ÆÁÊÌ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ.
 
        -oX <_>
-              úÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ  ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÆÁÊÌ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
-              ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ,  ×  ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ  XML  üÔÏ  ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ   ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍ   ÌÅÇÞÅ
-              ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ  ×Ù×ÏÄ Nmap’Á.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ
-              ’-’ (ÂÅÚ ËÁ×ÙÞÅË) ÄÌÑ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÎÁ stdout.  îÏÒÍÁÌØÎÙÊ ×Ù×ÏÄ × ÜÔÏÍ
-              ÓÌÕÞÁÅ   ÂÕÄÅÔ   ÐÏÄÁ×ÌÅÎ.   Document   Type   Definition  (DTD)
-              ÒÁÓÛÉÆÒÏ×Ù×ÁÀÝÉÊ  ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÕ  ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÏ×  Nmap  ×  ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ   XML
-              ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ ÚÄÅÓØ:
-               http://www.insecure.org/nmap/data/nmap.dtd .
+              (output  XML) - ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ XML
+              × ÆÁÊÌ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ. üÔÏ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍ
+              ÌÅÇÞÅ ÏÂÒÁÂÁÔÙ×ÁÔØ ×Ù×ÏÄ nmap’Á. ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ
+              ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÎÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ. ÷ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÉÔÅ  ÚÁ  ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑÍÉ  ÏÂ
+              ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ, ÐÏÔÏÍÕ ËÁË ÏÎÉ ×Ù×ÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ stderr. Document Type Defi-
+              nition (DTD), ÏÂßÑÓÎÑÀÝÉÊ ÓÔÒÕËÔÕÒÕ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ  ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÏ×  nmap  ×
+              ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ      XML      ÄÏÓÔÕÐÅÎ      ÚÄÅÓØ:      http://www.inse-
+              cure.org/nmap/nmap.dtd.
+
+       --stylesheet <_>
+              Nmap  ÏÂÒÁÝÁÅÔÓÑ  Ë  XSL  ÔÁÂÌÉÃÅ  ÓÔÉÌÅÊ,  ËÏÔÏÒÁÑ   ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ
+              nmap.xsl,  ÄÌÑ  ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ  ÉÌÉ  ÔÒÁÎÓÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ XML ×Ù×ÏÄÁ × HTML
+              ÆÏÒÍÁÔ.  åÓÌÉ  ×Ù  ÖÅÌÁÅÔÅ  ÕËÁÚÁÔØ  ÄÒÕÇÕÀ  ÔÁÂÌÉÃÕ  ÓÔÉÌÅÊ   -
+              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ  ÜÔÕ  ÏÐÃÉÀ. ÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÐÏÌÎÙÊ
+              ÐÕÔØ   ÉÌÉ   url,   ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ   ’--stylesheet    http://www.inse-
+              cure.org/nmap/data/nmap.xsl’,   ÞÔÏ  ÕËÁÖÅÔ  ÂÒÁÕÚÅÒÕ  ÚÁÇÒÕÚÉÔØ
+              ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÀÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ  ÓÔÉÌÅÊ  Ó  ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ  insecure.org.  üÔÁ
+              ÔÁÂÌÉÃÁ  ÍÏÖÅÔ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ  ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÁ nmap XML-×Ù×ÏÄÁ ÎÁ
+              ÍÁÛÉÎÅ  ÇÄÅ  nmap  ÎÅ  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎ.   ðÏ   ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ,   ×   ÃÅÌÑÈ
+              ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÌÏËÁÌØÎÁÑ ËÏÐÉÑ nmap.xsl.
+
+       --no_stylesheet
+              õËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ  nmap  ÎÅ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÎÉËÁËÏÊ XSL ÔÁÂÌÉÃÙ ÓÔÉÌÅÊ ÄÌÑ
+              ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÑ XML-×Ù×ÏÄÁ.
 
        -oG <_>
-              úÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ  ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÆÁÊÌ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
-              ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ, × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ, ÕÄÏÂÎÏÍ ÄÌÑ ËÏÍÁÎÄ ÔÉÐÁ grep. üÔÏ  ÐÒÏÓÔÏÊ
-              ÆÏÒÍÁÔ,  ÐÒÉ  ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ  ×ÓÅ  ÄÁÎÎÙÅ  ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ  × ÏÄÎÕ ÓÔÒÏËÕ.
-              æÏÒÍÁÔ  ÐÒÉÛÅÌ  ÎÁ  ÓÍÅÎÕ  ÏÐÃÉÉ  -oM  (ÓÍ.  ÒÁÎÎÉÅ  ×ÅÒÓÉÉ)   É
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÌÓÑ  ÄÌÑ ×ÚÁÉÍÏÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ Ó ÄÒÕÇÉÍÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁÍÉ.  óÅÊÞÁÓ
-              ÍÙ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ XML.  ôÁËÖÅ  ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
-              ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ ’-’.
+              (output Grepable) - ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ × ÕÄÏÂÎÏÊ
+              ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ grep ÆÏÒÍÅ × ÆÁÊÌ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÊ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ.
+              ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ ’-’ (ÂÅÚ ËÁ×ÙÞÅË) ÄÌÑ ×Ù×ÏÄÁ  ÎÁ
+              stdout.   îÏÒÍÁÌØÎÙÊ   ×Ù×ÏÄ  ×  ÜÔÏÍ  ÓÌÕÞÁÅ  ÎÅ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ.
+              ÷ÎÉÍÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÓÌÅÄÉÔÅ ÚÁ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÑÍÉ Ï ÏÛÉÂËÁÈ,  ÐÏÔÏÍÕ  ËÁË  ÏÎÉ
+              ×Ù×ÏÄÑÔÓÑ ÎÁ stderr. ÷ ÎÙÎÅÛÎÅÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
+              XML-×Ù×ÏÄ (-oX).
 
-       -oA <__>
-              úÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ  ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ  ×Ï  ×ÓÅÈ  ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ (ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏÍ,
-              grep É XML).  ÷ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ  ÕËÁÚÁÔØ  ÂÁÚÕ  ÉÍÅÎÉ,  É  ×ÙÈÏÄÎÙÅ
-              ÆÁÊÌÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÔØÓÑ base.nmap, base.gnmap É base.xml.
+       -oA <_>
+              (output All) - ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ ×Ï ×ÓÅÈ  ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÙÈ  ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ
+              (ÎÏÒÍÁÌØÎÏÍ,  grep  É  XML). ÷Ù ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÅ ÂÁÚÏ×ÏÅ ÉÍÑ, ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ
+              base, É ×ÙÈÏÄÎÙÅ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÎÁÚÙ×ÁÔØÓÑ base.nmap, base.gnmap  É
+              base.xml.
 
        -oS <_>
-              üÔÕ  ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ  ÍÙ  ÐÒÅÄÕÓÍÏÔÒÅÌÉ  ÄÌÑ  ÌÀÂÉÔÅÌÅÊ ÑÚÙËÁ s|<ipT
-              kiDd|3: thIs l0gz th3 r3suLtS of YouR ScanZ iN a  s|<ipT  kiDd|3
-              f0rM  iNto  THe  fiL3  U  sPecfy 4s an arGuMEnT!  U kAn gIv3 the
-              4rgument ’-’ (wItHOUt qUOteZ) to sh00t output iNT0 stDouT!@!!
+              thIs l0gz th3 r3suLtS of YouR ScanZ iN a s|<ipT kiDd|3 f0rM iNto
+              THe fiL3 U sPecfy 4s an arGuMEnT! U kAn gIv3  the  4rgument  "-"
+              (wItHOUt qUOteZ) to sh00t output iNT0 stDouT!@!!
 
        --resume <_>
-              åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÒÅÒ×ÁÌÉ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÓÅÔÉ ÎÁÖÁÔÉÅÍ ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÉ <Ctrl C>,
-              ÔÏ   ×Ù   ÍÏÖÅÔÅ  ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔØ  ÅÇÏ,  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ  ÜÔÕ  ÏÐÃÉÀ,  ÅÓÌÉ
-              ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÌÉÓØ × ÌÏÇ-ÆÁÊÌ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ  ÏÐÃÉÊ
-              ’-oG’  ÉÌÉ ’-oN’.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ Nmap Ó ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅÍ ÜÔÏÊ
-              ÏÐÃÉÉ É ÉÍÅÎÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ, × ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÌÁÓØ ÚÁÐÉÓØ  ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÇÏ
-              ÓÅÁÎÓÁ.  ðÒÉ  ÜÔÏÍ  ÎÉËÁËÉÈ  ÄÒÕÇÉÈ  ÏÐÃÉÊ  ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ  ÎÅ ÎÕÖÎÏ,
-              ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÐÒÉ ×ÏÚÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  ÂÕÄÕÔ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ
-              ÏÐÃÉÉ,   ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÅ   ×   ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÍ   ÓÅÁÎÓÅ.   Nmap   ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔ
-              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ Ó ÁÄÒÅÓÁ, ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ ÚÁ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÍ "ÚÁ×ÅÒÛÅÎÎÙÍ".
+              åÓÌÉ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÂÙÌÏ  ÐÒÅÒ×ÁÎÏ ÎÁÖÁÔÉÅÍ ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÉ [Ctrl+C],
+              ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÍ ÓÂÏÅÍ É Ô.Ð., ÔÏ ÏÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ  ÂÙÔØ  ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÅÎÏ  ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅÍ
+              ÜÔÏÊ    ÏÐÃÉÉ.    åÓÌÉ   ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ   ÐÒÅÒ×ÁÎÎÏÇÏ   ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+              ÚÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÌÉÓØ × ÌÏÇ-ÆÁÊÌ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÏÐÃÉÊ ’-oG’ ÉÌÉ ’-oN’,  ÐÒÏÓÔÏ
+              ÚÁÐÕÓÔÉÔÅ  nmap  Ó  ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅÍ  ÜÔÏÊ  ÏÐÃÉÉ  É ÉÍÅÎÉ ÌÏÇ-ÆÁÊÌÁ, ×
+              ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÌÁÓØ ÚÁÐÉÓØ ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÇÏ ÓÅÁÎÓÁ.  îÅ  ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÊÔÅ
+              ÎÉËÁËÉÈ  ÄÒÕÇÉÈ  ÏÐÃÉÊ, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÐÒÉ ×ÏÚÏÂÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÉ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+              ÂÕÄÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÏÐÃÉÉ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÅ × ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÅÍ ÓÅÁÎÓÅ.  Nmap
+              ÐÒÏÄÏÌÖÉÔ   ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ   Ó  ÁÄÒÅÓÁ,  ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÅÇÏ  ÚÁ  ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÉÍ
+              ÏÔÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ.
+
+       --exclude <1 [,2][,3],...">
+              éÓËÌÀÞÉÔØ  ÉÚ   ÓÐÉÓËÁ   ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ   ÃÅÌÉ   (ÈÏÓÔÙ,   ÓÅÔÅ×ÙÅ
+              ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÙ), ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ.
+
+       --excludefile <_>
+              óÍÙÓÌ  ÜÔÏÊ  ÏÐÃÉÉ  ÔÁËÏÊ ÖÅ, ËÁË É ’--exclude’, ÔÏÌØËÏ ÃÅÌÉ ÄÌÑ
+              ÉÓËÌÀÞÅÎÉÑ ÚÁÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÆÁÊÌÏÍ, ËÁÖÄÁÑ ÚÁÐÉÓØ - × ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÊ  ÓÔÒÏËÅ.
+
+       --allports
+              ïÐÃÉÑ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ  ×ÍÅÓÔÅ  Ó  ÒÅÖÉÍÏÍ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÊ ÓÌÕÖÂ
+              (-sV)  É  ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÅÔ  ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ  ÓÏ  ×ÓÅÍÉ  ÎÁÊÄÅÎÎÙÍÉ   ÏÔËÒÙÔÙÍÉ
+              ÐÏÒÔÁÍÉ, ÄÁÖÅ Ó ÔÅÍÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÏÍÅÞÅÎÙ ËÁË ÏÐÁÓÎÙÅ × ÆÁÊÌÅ nmap-
+              service-probes.
 
        --append_output
-              õËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ Nmap ÄÏÐÉÓÁÔØ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×  ÆÁÊÌ,  ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
-              ÔÏÇÏ, ÞÔÏÂÙ ÚÁÍÅÎÉÔØ ÅÇÏ.
+              äÏÐÉÓÙ×ÁÔØ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×  ÌÏÇ-ÆÁÊÌ,  Á  ÎÅ  ÚÁÔÉÒÁÔØ
+              ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÕÀ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ × Î£Í.
 
        -iL <_>
-              óÞÉÔÙ×ÁÅÔ  ÏÐÉÓÁÎÉÅ  ÃÅÌÅ×ÙÈ  ÈÏÓÔÏ×  ÉÚ  ÔÅËÓÔÏ×ÏÇÏ ÆÁÊÌÁ. æÁÊÌ
-              ÄÏÌÖÅÎ ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÉÍÅÎ ÈÏÓÔÏ× ÉÌÉ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×,  ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ
-              ÐÒÏÂÅÌÁÍÉ,  ÚÎÁËÁÍÉ  ÔÁÂÕÌÑÃÉÉ  ÉÌÉ ËÏÍÂÉÎÁÃÉÅÊ <CR><LF> (ËÁÖÄÙÊ
-              ÈÏÓÔ - Ó ÎÏ×ÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ).  åÓÌÉ ×Ù  ÈÏÔÉÔÅ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ  StdIn  ×
-              ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å  ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÁ  ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ  Ï  ÈÏÓÔÁÈ, ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÉÍÅÎÉ
-              ÆÁÊÌÁ  ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ  ’-’.  âÏÌÅÅ  ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÁÑ  ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÑ   Ï   ÆÏÒÍÁÔÁÈ
-              ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÊ  ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÙ × ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ "óÐÏÓÏÂÙ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÃÅÌÅ×ÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ".
+              (input  List)  -  ÓÞÉÔÙ×ÁÔØ  ÓÐÉÓÏË  ÈÏÓÔÏ×  ÄÌÑ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÉÚ
+              ÆÁÊÌÁ, ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÇÏ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å  ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ.  æÁÊÌ  ÄÏÌÖÅÎ  ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔØ
+              ÓÐÉÓÏË   ÉÍÅÎ  ÈÏÓÔÏ×  ÉÌÉ  IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×,  ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅÎÎÙÈ  ÐÒÏÂÅÌÁÍÉ,
+              ÚÎÁËÁÍÉ ÔÁÂÕÌÑÃÉÉ ÉÌÉ ÞÔÏ ÂÙ  ËÁÖÄÁÑ  ÚÁÐÉÓØ  ÂÙÌÁ  ×  ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏÊ
+              ÓÔÒÏËÅ. þÔÏ ÂÙ nmap ÓÞÉÔÁÌ ÓÐÉÓÏË ÈÏÓÔÏ× Ó StdIn, ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+              ÉÍÅÎÉ ÆÁÊÌÁ ÓÉÍ×ÏÌ ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ "óÐÏÓÏÂÙ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÃÅÌÉ".
 
-       -iR <_>
-              åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÕËÁÖÅÔÅ  ÜÔÕ  ÏÐÃÉÀ,  Nmap  ÂÕÄÅÔ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ  ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÏ
-              ×ÙÂÒÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÙ, ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÙ Ó ÐÏÍÏÝØÀ ÇÅÎÅÒÁÔÏÒÁ
-              ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÈ ×ÅÌÉÞÉÎ.  üÔÏÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÄÌÉÔØÓÑ, ÐÏËÁ ×Ù  ÅÇÏ  ÎÅ
-              ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ.   æÕÎËÃÉÑ   ÍÏÖÅÔ  ÐÒÉÇÏÄÉÔØÓÑ  ÄÌÑ  ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉÞÅÓËÏÇÏ
-              ÉÓÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Internet.
+       -iR <_>
+              åÓÌÉ  ÕËÁÚÁÔØ  ÜÔÕ  ÏÐÃÉÀ,  ÔÏ  nmap  ÂÕÄÅÔ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ   ÈÏÓÔÙ
+              ×ÙÂÒÁÎÎÙÅ  ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÍ  ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ. éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ 0 × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÊ
+              ÃÅÌÉ ÄÌÑ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, É nmap ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏËÁ ×Ù  ÅÇÏ  ÎÅ
+              ÏÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔÅ.     üÔÁ    ÏÐÃÉÑ   ÍÏÖÅÔ   ÂÙÔØ   ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÁ   ÄÌÑ
+              ÓÔÁÔÉÓÔÉÞÅÓËÉÈ ÉÓÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÎÉÊ éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔÁ.  åÓÌÉ  ×ÁÍ  ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÔÅÌØÎÏ
+              ÓËÕÞÎÏ  -  ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÊÔÅ  "nmap -sS -PS80 -iR 0 -p 80" ÞÔÏ ÂÙ ÎÁÊÔÉ
+              ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×ÅÂ-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÍÏÇÕÔ ×ÁÓ ÚÁÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÏ×ÁÔØ.
 
-       -p <()_>
-              üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ Nmap, ËÁËÉÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ.
-              îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,  ’-p  23’  ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  23 ÐÏÒÔÁ ÎÁ ÃÅÌÅ×ÏÊ
-              ÍÁÛÉÎÅ.  åÓÌÉ ÕËÁÚÁÎÏ ×ÙÒÁÖÅÎÉÅ ÔÉÐÁ ’-p 20-30,139,60000-’  Nmap
-              ÂÕÄÅÔ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÒÔÙ Ó ÎÏÍÅÒÁÍÉ Ó 20 ÐÏ 30 ×ËÌÀÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ, 139
-              É ÏÔ 60000 É ×ÙÛÅ (ÄÏ 65535). ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ  Nmap  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÔ  ×ÓÅ
-              ÐÏÒÔÙ  × ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÅ 1-1024, ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ×ÓÅ ÏÎÉ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÙ × ÆÁÊÌÅ
-              services.
+       -p <_>
+              üÔÏÊ  ÏÐÃÉÅÊ  ×Ù  ÍÏÖÅÔÅ  ÚÁÄÁÔØ  ÐÏÒÔÙ,   ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ   ×Ù   ÈÏÔÉÔÅ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ.   äÌÑ  ÐÒÉÍÅÒÁ,  ÅÓÌÉ  ÚÁÄÁÔØ  "-Ò  23",  ÔÏ  ÂÕÄÅÔ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÔÏÌØËÏ 23 ÐÏÒÔ  ÎÁ  ÈÏÓÔÅ.  "-Ò  20-30,139,60000-"
+              ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÔ  ÐÏÒÔÙ  ÏÔ  20 ÄÏ 30, 139 ÐÏÒÔ, É ×ÓÅ ÐÏÒÔÙ, ÎÏÍÅÒÁ
+              ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÂÏÌØÛÅ 60000. ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ  ÐÏÒÔÙ  ÏÔ  1  ÄÏ
+              1024,   É   ÔÅ,  ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ  ÕËÁÚÁÎÙ  ×  ÆÁÊÌÅ  nmap-services.  äÌÑ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌÏ×  IP  (-sO)  ÜÔÁ  ÏÐÃÉÑ  ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ  ËÁËÏÊ
+              ÐÒÏÔÏËÏÌ ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ (0-255).
 
-       -F     âÙÓÔÒÏÅ   ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.   õËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ   Nmap   ÎÁ    ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ
-              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  ÐÏÒÔÏ×  ÔÏÌØËÏ  ÔÅÈ  ÓÌÕÖÂ,  ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÙ ×
-              ÆÁÊÌÅ services. óËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ, ÞÅÍ  ÅÓÌÉ
-              ÂÙ Nmap ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÌ ×ÓÅ 65535 ÐÏÒÔÏ×.
+              ëÏÇÄÁ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ  ËÁË  TCP  ÔÁË  É  UDP  ÐÏÒÔÙ,  ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ
+              ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÔÉÐÁ ÐÏÒÔÏ×  ÏÔÄÅÌØÎÏ,  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ  ÐÒÅÆÉËÓÙ
+              "ô:"  É  "U:" ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ "-Ò
+              U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080"  ÔÏ  ÂÕÄÕÔ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ  53,
+              111,  É  137  UDP-ÐÏÒÔÙ, É ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÅ ôóò-ÐÏÒÔÙ. úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÂÙ
+              ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ UDP É ôóò ÐÏÒÔÙ, ÎÕÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ -sU É ÈÏÔÑ ÂÙ ÏÄÉÎ
+              ÉÚ ÍÅÔÏÄÏ× ôóò-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ (-sS, -sF, -sT).
+
+       -F     âÙÓÔÒÏÅ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.  åÓÌÉ  ÕËÁÚÁÔØ  ÜÔÕ  ÏÐÃÉÀ, ÔÏ nmap ÂÕÄÅÔ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÔÅÈ ÓÌÕÖÂ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÙ ×  ÆÁÊÌÅ
+              nmap-services   (ÉÌÉ  nmap-protocols  ÄÌÑ  ’-sO’).  óËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
+              ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔ ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ, ÞÅÍ ÅÓÌÉ ÂÙ nmap ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÌ ×ÓÅ  65535
+              ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÈÏÓÔÁ.
 
        -D <_1,[_2],[,ME],...>
-              ÷  ÜÔÏÍ  ÒÅÖÉÍÅ  Nmap  "ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔ"  ÌÏÖÎÙÅ  ÈÏÓÔÙ,  ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
-              ÚÁÄÁÀÔÓÑ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÌØÎÏ É ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÀÔÓÑ ×  ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å  ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏ×.  ðÒÉ
-              ÜÔÏÍ  ÎÁ  ÓÔÏÒÏÎÅ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ  ÈÏÓÔÁ  ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ×ÉÄÉÍÏÓÔØ, ÞÔÏ
-              ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ  ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÅ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  Ó  ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ   ÈÏÓÔÏ×
-              (ÏÂÌÁÄÁÀÝÉÈ   ÒÁÚÎÙÍÉ   IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍÉ),   ÞÔÏ   ÏÞÅÎØ   ÚÁÔÒÕÄÎÑÅÔ
-              ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÅ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÒÅÁÌØÎÏÇÏ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ.
+              üÔÁ   ÏÐÃÉÑ   ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ   ÄÌÑ  ÓÏËÒÙÔÉÑ  ÒÅÁÌØÎÏÇÏ  ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÁ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÌÏÖÎÙÅ ÈÏÓÔÙ. ÷ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó  ÎÁÛÉÍÉ  ÐÁËÅÔÁÍÉ
+              ÎÁ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ ÏÔÓÙÌÁÀÔÓÑ ÔÁËÉÅ ÖÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ, ÎÏ Ó ÐÏÄÄÅÌØÎÙÍÉ
+              ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍÉ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÁ.  úÁÝÉÔÎÁÑ  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ  ÎÁ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÍ  ÈÏÓÔÅ
+              ÍÏÖÅÔ  ÏÔÏÂÒÁÚÉÔØ 5-10 ÐÏÐÙÔÏË ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó ÒÁÚÎÙÈ ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉËÏ×,
+              ÎÏ  ÕÚÎÁÔØ  Ó  ËÁËÏÇÏ   ÉÍÅÎÎÏ   ÈÏÓÔÁ   ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ   ÉÓÔÉÎÎÏÅ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÓÌÏÖÎÏ, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÌÏÖÎÙÈ ÈÏÓÔÏ×.
 
-              áÄÒÅÓÁ  ÒÁÚÄÅÌÑÀÔÓÑ  ÚÁÐÑÔÏÊ.  ÷Ù  ÔÁËÖÅ  ÍÏÖÅÔÅ  ÕËÁÚÁÔØ   Ó×ÏÊ
-              IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ
+              õËÁÚÙ×ÁÊÔÅ ÌÏÖÎÙÅ ÈÏÓÔÙ ÞÅÒÅÚ ÚÁÐÑÔÕÀ, É  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ  "íå"  ÄÌÑ
+              ÏÂÏÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ  Ó×ÏÅÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ × ÜÔÏÊ ÃÅÐÏÞËÅ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÅÓÌÉ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ
+              "íå" ÎÁ 5 ÐÏÚÉÃÉÉ, ÔÏ ÉÓÔÉÎÎÙÅ  ÐÁËÅÔÙ  ÂÕÄÕÔ  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÙ  ÐÏÓÌÅ
+              ÐÒÅÄÙÄÕÝÉÈ  ÞÅÔÙÒÅÈ  ÌÏÖÎÙÈ.  åÓÌÉ ÎÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ "ME", nmap ×ÙÂÅÒÅÔ
+              ÐÏÚÉÃÉÀ ÄÌÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ.
 
-              (ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ  ’ME’)  × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÈÏÓÔÏ×. åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔÅ
-              ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ  ’ME’  ÎÁ  ÛÅÓÔÏÊ   ÐÏÚÉÃÉÉ   ÉÌÉ   ÄÁÌØÛÅ,   ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
-              ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÎÙÅ  ÓËÁÎ-ÄÅÔÅËÔÏÒÙ  (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,  scanlogd Á×ÔÏÒÓÔ×Á
-              Solar Designer’Á) ÓËÏÒÅÅ ×ÓÅÇÏ ÎÅ ÐÏËÁÖÕÔ ×ÁÛ  IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ  ×ÏÏÂÝÅ.
-              åÓÌÉ  ×Ù  Ñ×ÎÏ  ÎÅ  ÕËÁÚÁÌÉ  ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔ ’ME’, Nmap ÐÏÍÅÓÔÉÔ ×ÁÓ ÎÁ
-              ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÕÀ ÐÏÚÉÃÉÀ. ôÁËÖÅ ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÅÎÁ  ÈÏÓÔÏ×  ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
-              ÉÈ  IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×.  úÁÍÅÔÉÍ,  ÞÔÏ  ÈÏÓÔÙ, ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÅ ×ÁÍÉ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
-              ÌÏÖÎÙÈ,  ÄÏÌÖÎÙ  ÒÅÁÌØÎÏ  ÓÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ  É   ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ,   ×
-              ÐÒÏÔÉ×ÎÏÍ   ÓÌÕÞÁÅ   ×Ù   ÍÏÖÅÔÅ   "ÚÁÔÏÐÉÔØ"  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ  ÈÏÓÔ
-              SYN-ÐÁËÅÔÁÍÉ. üÔÏ ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÓÔ×Ï×ÁÔØ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÀ  ×ÁÛÅÇÏ
-              ÈÏÓÔÁ,  ÐÏÔÏÍÕ  ÞÔÏ  ÅÓÌÉ  ÌÏÖÎÙÅ  ÈÏÓÔÙ  ÎÅ  ÆÕÎËÃÉÏÎÉÒÕÀÔ,  ÔÏ
-              ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÀÝÉÍ ÈÏÓÔÏÍ ÏËÁÖÅÔÓÑ ×ÁÛ.
+              õÞÔÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÈÏÓÔÙ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ×Ù ÕËÁÖÅÔÅ ËÁË ÌÏÖÎÙÅ, ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÂÙÔØ  ×
+              ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍ   ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ,   ÉÎÁÞÅ   ×Ù   ÍÏÖÅÔÅ   ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÏ  ÚÁÔÏÐÉÔØ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÕÀ ÃÅÌØ SYN-ÐÁËÅÔÁÍÉ, ÉÌÉ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÏÞÅÎØ ÌÅÇËÏ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ
+              ÉÓÔÏÞÎÉË   ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ,   ÅÓÌÉ   ÔÏÌØËÏ  ×ÁÛÁ  ÍÁÛÉÎÁ  ÏËÁÖÅÔÓÑ
+              ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÊ. ôÁËÖÅ ÐÒÅÄÐÏÞÔÉÔÅÌØÎÏ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ  ip-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ  ×ÍÅÓÔÏ
+              dns-ÉÍ£Î,  ÉÎÁÞÅ  ÎÁ  ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ  ÉͣΠ ÌÏÖÎÙÈ  ÈÏÓÔÏ×  × ÌÏÇ-ÆÁÊÌÅ
+              ÓÏÈÒÁÎÑÔÓÑ ÚÁÐÉÓÉ Ï ×ÁÛÉÈ ÏÂÒÁÝÅÎÉÑÈ Ë ÎÉÍ.
 
-              óÔÏÉÔ ÚÁÍÅÔÉÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ  ÓËÁÎ-ÄÅÔÅËÔÏÒÙ  ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÔ  ÄÏÓÔÕÐ
-              ÈÏÓÔÕ,  ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×É×ÛÅÍÕ ÐÏÐÙÔËÕ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÌÏÖÎÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ
-              ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÏÔÅÒÑÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ ÓÏ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÍ  ÈÏÓÔÏÍ.  üÔÁ  ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑ
-              ÍÏÖÅÔ  ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔØ  ÄÁÖÅ × ÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÕËÁÚÁÌÉ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
-              ÌÏÖÎÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÛÌÀÚÁ ÉÌÉ  ’localhost’.   ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ  ÁËËÕÒÁÔÎÏ
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÜÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ.
+              óÔÏÉÔ ÚÁÍÅÔÉÔØ,  ÞÔÏ  ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ  ÄÅÔÅËÔÏÒÙ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  ÐÏÒÔÏ×
+              ÂÌÏËÉÒÕÀÔ  ÄÏÓÔÕÐ  ÈÏÓÔÕ,  ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×É×ÛÅÍÕ  ÐÏÐÙÔËÕ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.
+              ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÌÏÖÎÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ ÍÏÖÅÔ  ÐÏÔÅÒÑÔØ  ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ  ÓÏ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÍ
+              ÈÏÓÔÏÍ. üÔÁ ÓÉÔÕÁÃÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÕÔØ ÄÁÖÅ × ÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù
+              ÕËÁÚÁÌÉ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÌÏÖÎÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÁÄÒÅÓ ÛÌÀÚÁ ÉÌÉ  ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ  ÉÍ£Î.
+              ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ ÜÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ ÏÞÅÎØ ÏÓÔÏÒÏÖÎÏ.
 
-              ìÏÖÎÙÅ  ÈÏÓÔÙ ÍÏÇÕÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÌÀÂÙÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÏÍ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ,
-              Á ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÉ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ.  åÓÌÉ  ×Ù  ÕËÁÚÁÌÉ
-              ÍÎÏÇÏ ÌÏÖÎÙÈ ÈÏÓÔÏ×, ÜÔÏ ÚÁÍÅÄÌÉÔ ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ É ÓÄÅÌÁÅÔ
-              ÅÇÏ ÍÅÎÅÅ ÔÏÞÎÙÍ.  îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ  ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÙ  ÍÏÇÕÔ  ÏÔÆÉÌØÔÒÏ×Ù×ÁÔØ
-              ×ÁÛÉ  ÐÁËÅÔÙ  (ÎÏ ÅÝÅ ÂÏÌØÛÅ ÉÈ ÎÅ ÏÔÆÉÌØÔÒÕÀÔ), É × ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÌÏÖÎÙÈ ÈÏÓÔÏ× ÎÅ ÄÁÓÔ ×ÁÍ ÏÖÉÄÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÁ.
+              ìÏÖÎÙÅ  ÈÏÓÔÙ  ÍÏÖÎÏ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ × ÌÀÂÏÍ ÍÅÔÏÄÅ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Á
+              ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÒÉ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÉ  ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÏÊ  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ  ÕÄÁÌ£ÎÎÏÇÏ  ÈÏÓÔÁ
+              (-O).
 
-       -S <IP->
-              åÓÌÉ Nmap ÎÅ ÓÍÏÇ Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ
-              (Ï  ÞÅÍ  ×Ù  ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌÉ ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÅ ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ), ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
-              ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ  ÕËÁÚÁÔØ  IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ,  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ  ÅÇÏ  ×   ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
-              ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÉ (Ô.Å. ÁÄÒÅÓ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ).  äÒÕÇÏÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÎÅÎÉÅ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÉ  -  ÄÌÑ  ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ
-              ×ÉÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  ÃÅÌÅ×ÏÇÏ  ÈÏÓÔÁ  ËÅÍ-ÔÏ  ÄÒÕÇÉÍ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ
-              ÓÌÕÞÁÅ ×Ù ÎÅ  ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ  ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ  ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ,  ÏÄÎÁËÏ  ÎÁ  ÓÔÏÒÏÎÅ
-              ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÓÏÚÄÁÅÔÓÑ ×ÉÄÉÍÏÓÔØ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Ó ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ
-              ×ÁÍÉ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ. äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ Ó
+              åÓÌÉ  ×Ù  ÕËÁÖÅÔÅ  ÍÎÏÇÏ  ÌÏÖÎÙÈ  ÈÏÓÔÏ×,  ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+              ÚÁÍÅÄÌÉÔÓÑ  É  ÓÔÁÎÅÔ  ÍÅÎÅÅ  ÁËËÕÒÁÔÎÙÍ.  îÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ  ÐÒÏ×ÁÊÄÅÒÙ
+              ÆÉÌØÔÒÕÀÔ  ÐÏÄÄÅÌØÎÙÅ  ÉÓÈÏÄÑÝÉÅ  ÐÁËÅÔÙ,  ÔÁË  ÞÔÏ  ÄÁÎÎÙÊ  ×ÉÄ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÏÏÂÝÅ ÎÅ ÄÏÓÔÉÞØ ÖÅÌÁÅÍÏÇÏ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÁ.
+
+       -S <ip->
+              ðÒÉ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÏÂÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÓÔ×ÁÈ  nmap  ÎÅ  ÓÍÏÖÅÔ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ  ×ÁÛ
+              ip-ÁÄÒÅÓ  (nmap  ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔ  ×ÁÍ  Ï  ÜÔÏÍ).  ÷ ÔÁËÉÈ ÓÌÕÞÁÑÈ ÍÏÖÎÏ
+              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ ÄÌÑ Ñ×ÎÏÇÏ ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ ×ÁÛÅÇÏ ip-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ.
+
+              äÒÕÇÏÊ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÉ  -  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÁ  ÐÁËÅÔÏ×  Ó
+              ÐÏÄÄÅÌØÎÙÍ  ip-ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ.  üÔÏ  ÍÏÖÅÔ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÓÏÚÄÁÎÉÑ
+              ×ÉÄÉÍÏÓÔÉ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÃÅÌÅ×ÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ ËÅÍ-ÔÏ  ÄÒÕÇÉÍ,  ÏÄÎÁËÏ  ×
+              ÔÁËÏÍ   ÓÌÕÞÁÅ   ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔ   ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  ÍÏÖÎÏ  ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ  ÌÉÛØ
+              ÐÒÏÓÌÕÛÉ×ÁÑ ÔÒÁÆÉË, ÐÒÏÈÏÄÑÝÉÊ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÃÅÌÅ×ÙÍ  ÈÏÓÔÏÍ  É  ÈÏÓÔÏÍ,
+              ÐÁËÅÔÙ  ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ  ×Ù  ÐÏÄÄÅÌÙ×ÁÅÔÅ.  þÔÏ  ÂÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÄÁÎÎÙÊ
+              ÍÅÔÏÄ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÔÁË ÖÅ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÏÐÃÉÀ ’-e’.
 
        -e <>
-              ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ  Nmap,  ËÁËÏÊ  ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ  ÂÕÄÅÔ   ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ   ÄÌÑ
-              ÐÒÉÅÍÁ/ÐÅÒÅÄÁÞÉ  ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.  éÍÑ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓÁ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ × ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å
-              ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÉ. Nmap ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÓÁÍ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ  ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ,  ÏÄÎÁËÏ
-              ×ÙÄÁÓÔ   ×ÁÍ   ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÅ  ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ,  ÅÓÌÉ  ÐÏ  ËÁËÉÍ-ÌÉÂÏ
-              ÐÒÉÞÉÎÁÍ ÏÎ ÎÅ ÓÍÏÇ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÔØ.
+              åÓÌÉ nmap ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ ËÁËÏÊ ÉÎÔÅÒÆÅÊÓ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ  ÄÌÑ
+              ÐÒÉ£ÍÁ  É  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÉ  ÐÁËÅÔÏ×,  ÔÏ  ÜÔÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÅÊ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÅÇÏ
+              Ñ×ÎÏ.
 
-       -g <_>
-              ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ  ÎÏÍÅÒ  ÐÏÒÔÁ  ÎÁ  ×ÁÛÅÍ  ËÏÍÐØÀÔÅÒÅ,  ËÏÔÏÒÙÊ   ÂÕÄÅÔ
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ   Nmap  ÄÌÑ  ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÅÎÉÑ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.  íÎÏÇÉÅ
-              ÆÁÉÒ×ÏÌÌÙ É ÐÁËÅÔÎÙÅ ÆÉÌØÔÒÙ  ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ  ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔØ  ÐÁËÅÔÁÍ  DNS
-              (ÐÏÒÔ  53)  É  FTP-DATA  (ÐÏÒÔ  20)  Ë  ÚÁÝÉÝÁÅÍÏÍÕ  ÉÍÉ ÈÏÓÔÕ É
-              ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÅ. üÔÏÔ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ  ÂÏÌØÛÏÊ  "ÄÙÒÏÊ"  ×
-              ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ  ÆÁÉÒ×ÏÌÌÏ×,  ÐÏÜÔÏÍÕ  ÁÔÁËÕÀÝÅÍÕ  ÎÉÞÅÇÏ  ÎÅ ÓÔÏÉÔ
-              ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÎÕÖÎÙÅ ÅÍÕ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÞÅÒÅÚ 53-Ê ÉÌÉ 20-Ê ÐÏÒÔ.
+       --source_port <_>
+              éÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ  ÐÏÒÔ  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÉ  Ó  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÍ   ÎÏÍÅÒÏÍ.   íÎÏÇÏ
+              ÎÅÐÒÏÆÅÓÓÉÏÎÁÌØÎÙÈ   ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌÏ×  É  ÐÁËÅÔÎÙÈ  ÆÉÌØÔÒÏ×  ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÀÔ
+              ÐÁËÅÔÁÍ, ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÎÙÍ Ó ÔÁËÉÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ËÁË ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ 53  (DNS)  ÉÌÉ
+              20   (FTP-DATA),   Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏ   ÉÎÉÃÉÁÌÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ   ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ   ÎÁ
+              ÚÁÝÉÝÁÅÍÏÍ ÈÏÓÔÅ. óÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏ, ÉÚÍÅÎÉ× ÎÁÛ ÐÏÒÔ  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÉ  ÎÁ
+              ÒÁÚÒÅÛÅÎÎÙÊ  ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌÏÍ  ÐÏÒÔ ÍÙ ÍÏÖÅÍ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ ÓÏÅÄÉÎÅÎÉÑ Ó
+              ÚÁÝÉÝ£ÎÎÏÊ  ÜÔÉÍ  ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌÏÍ  ÍÁÛÉÎÏÊ.   äÌÑ   UDP   ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ
+              ÐÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ  ÓÎÁÞÁÌÁ  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ  53 ÐÏÒÔ, Á ÄÌÑ TCP - 20. ïÄÎÁËÏ
+              ÜÔÁ  ÔÅÈÎÉËÁ  ÎÅ  ×ÓÅÇÄÁ  ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ,  ×Ù  ÎÅ  ÓÍÏÖÅÔÅ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ
+              ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ISN, × Ó×ÑÚÉ Ó ÞÅÍ nmap ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ ÓÍÅÎÉÔ
+              ÎÏÍÅÒ ÐÏÒÔÁ ÄÌÑ ÜÔÏÊ ÃÅÌÉ, ÄÁÖÅ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÕËÁÚÁÌÉ ÜÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ.
 
-       --data_length <>
-              ïÂÙÞÎÏ Nmap ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÔ ÐÁËÅÔ, ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÝÉÊ ÔÏÌØËÏ  ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ÏË.  ôÁËÉÍ
-              ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ, TCP-ÐÁËÅÔ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÄÌÉÎÕ 40 ÂÁÊÔ, Á ICMP "echo requests" -
-              28. üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔ Ë ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Õ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× (ËÒÏÍÅ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÄÌÑ
-              ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÑ   ïó)   ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÅ   ÞÉÓÌÏ  ÎÕÌÅ×ÙÈ  ÂÁÊÔ.  äÏÂÁ×ÌÑÅÔ
-              ËÏÎÓÐÉÒÁÃÉÉ.
+       --data_length <_>
+              ïÂÙÞÎÏ nmap ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÙÅ ÐÏ  ÒÁÚÍÅÒÕ  ÐÁËÅÔÙ,  ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ
+              ÓÏÄÅÒÖÁÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÚÁÇÏÌÏ×ÏË. TCP ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ ÒÁÚÍÅÒÏÍ × 40 ÂÁÊÔ,
+              Á ICMP ÜÈÏ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ - ×ÓÅÇÏ 28. üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ nmap ÄÏÐÏÌÎÑÔØ
+              ÏÔÓÙÌÁÅÍÙÅ    ÐÁËÅÔÙ   ÚÁÄÁÎÎÙÍ   ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×ÏÍ   ÂÁÊÔ   ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÏÊ
+              ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÉ.  ðÁËÅÔÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÅ ÐÒÉ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÉ ïó ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ
+              ÈÏÓÔÁ ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÀÔÓÑ.
 
-       -n     îÉËÏÇÄÁ  ÎÅ  ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×Ù×ÁÔØ  ÁÄÒÅÓÁ   ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÎÙÈ   ÈÏÓÔÏ×   ×
-              DNS-ÁÄÒÅÓ.  õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.
+       -n     õËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ  nmap  ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ  ÎÅ  ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×Ù×ÁÔØ ip-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÙÈ
+              ÈÏÓÔÏ×  ×  DNS-ÁÄÒÅÓa.  õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ  ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ   ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ   É
+              ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔ  ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÅ ÚÁÐÉÓÅÊ Ï dns-ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁÈ nmap × ÌÏÇ-ÆÁÊÌÅ
+              ÎÁ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÅ ÉÍÅÎ.
 
-       -R     ÷ÓÅÇÄÁ ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×Ù×ÁÔØ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÎÙÈ ÈÏÓÔÏ× × DNS-ÁÄÒÅÓ.
+       -R     õËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ  nmap  ×ÓÅÇÄÁ  ÐÒÅÏÂÒÁÚÏ×Ù×ÁÔØ  ip-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ   ÈÏÓÔÏ×   ×
+              DNS-ÁÄÒÅÓa. ïÂÙÞÎÏ ÜÔÏ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÅÓÌÉ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ
+              ÎÁÈÏÄÑÔÓÑ × ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍ ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÉ.
 
-       -r     îÅ ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁ×ÌÑÔØ ÎÏÍÅÒÁ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÈ ÐÏÒÔÏ× ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ.
+       -r     õËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ nmap ÎÅ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ÐÏÒÑÄÏË  ÎÏÍÅÒÏ×  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÈ  ÐÏÒÔÏ×
+              ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ.
 
-       -ttl <>
-              úÁÐÉÓÙ×ÁÅÔ   ×  ÐÏÌÅ  TTL  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ  ÐÁËÅÔÏ×  IPv4  ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÅ
+       --ttl <>
+              õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÔØ  ×  ÐÏÌÅ  TTL  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÅÍÙÈ  ÐÁËÅÔÏ× IPv4 ÚÁÄÁÎÎÏÅ
               ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ.
 
-       --randomize_hosts
-              õËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ Nmap ÎÁ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏÓÔØ  ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÏÊ  ÐÅÒÅÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÉ  ËÁÖÄÏÊ
-              ÇÒÕÐÐÙ  ÉÚ  2048 ÈÏÓÔÏ× ÐÅÒÅÄ ÎÅÐÏÓÒÅÄÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÍ ÉÈ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅÍ.
-              üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ  ÄÅÌÁÅÔ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÍÅÎÅÅ  ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÍ  ÄÌÑ  ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ
-              ÓÉÓÔÅÍ  ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ  ÍÏÎÉÔÏÒÉÎÇÁ,  ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ  ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÅÅ
-              ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ Ó  ÏÐÃÉÅÊ  ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ  ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ,  ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÀÝÅÊ  ÂÏÌÅÅ
-              ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏÅ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.
+       --privileged
+              õËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ nmap, ÞÔÏ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØ  ÉÍÅÅÔ  ÄÏÓÔÁÔÏÞÎÙÅ  ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÉ
+              ÄÌÑ  ÔÁËÉÈ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÊ ËÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ raw-ÓÏËÅÔÏ×, ÐÒÏÓÌÕÛÉ×ÁÎÉÅ
+              ÔÒÁÆÉËÁ, É Ô.Ð. üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ  ×  ÔÁËÉÈ  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ,  ÇÄÅ
+              ÎÅÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ  ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑÍ  ÑÄÒÏ  ÒÁÚÒÅÛÁÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ
+              ÆÕÎËÃÉÉ, ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÄÏÓÔÕÐÎÙ ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÍ,  ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ  ×
+              ÓÐÅÃÉÁÌØÎÏ  ÓËÏÎÆÉÇÕÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ  ïó  Linux.  Nmap  ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÜÔÏÇÏ
+              ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ, ÔÁË ËÁË ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ ÆÕÎËÃÉÀ getuid(), É × ÜÔÏÍ ÓÌÕÞÁÅ
+              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ  ÄÁÎÎÁÑ  ÏÐÃÉÑ,  ËÏÔÏÒÕÀ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ ÐÅÒÅÄ
+              ×ÓÅÍÉ ÏÓÔÁÌØÎÙÍÉ ÏÐÃÉÑÍÉ. ÷ ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å  ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×Ù  --privileged
+              ÍÏÖÎÏ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÕÀ NMAP_PRIVILEGED.
 
-       -M <_>
-              ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ   ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ  ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï  ÓÏËÅÔÏ×,  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ
-              ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏ  ×  ÍÅÔÏÄÅ  TCP  connect()  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.  õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ
-              ÍÅÎØÛÅÇÏ  ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ  ÎÅÍÎÏÇÏ  ÚÁÍÅÄÌÑÅÔ  ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ, ÎÏ
-              ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÁÅÔ "ÚÁ×ÁÌ" ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ.   äÌÑ  ÐÏÓÌÅÄÎÅÊ  ÃÅÌÉ
-              ÌÕÞÛÅ  ×ÓÅÇÏ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÏÐÃÉÀ ’-sS’, ÔÁË ËÁË SYN-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
-              ÇÏÒÁÚÄÏ ÌÅÇÞÅ "ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÉÔÓÑ" ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÍÉ.
+       --interactive
+              úÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔ   nmap  ×  ÉÎÔÅÒÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÍ  ÒÅÖÉÍÅ.  üÔÕ  ÏÐÃÉÀ  ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏ
+              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ  ×   ÍÎÏÇÏÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÓËÉÈ   ÓÉÓÔÅÍÁÈ,   ÔÁË   ËÁË,
+              ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,  × ÉÓÔÏÒÉÉ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÎÅ ÏÓÔÁ£ÔÓÑ ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÙÈ ×ÁÍÉ
+              ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×.
+
+       --randomize_hosts
+              õËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ nmap ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÈÏÓÔÙ × ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÏÊ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏÓÔÉ.
+              éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔÓÑ   ÇÒÕÐÐÙ   ÄÏ   2048   ÈÏÓÔÏ×.   üÔÁ  ÏÐÃÉÑ  ÄÅÌÁÅÔ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÍÅÎÅÅ  ÚÁÍÅÔÎÙÍ  ÄÌÑ  ÒÁÚÌÉÞÎÙÈ  ÓÉÓÔÅÍ   ÓÅÔÅ×ÏÇÏ
+              ÍÏÎÉÔÏÒÉÎÇÁ, ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ ÅÅ ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ Ó ÏÐÃÉÑÍÉ
+              ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×.
+
+       -M <__>
+              õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ  ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ  ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï  ÓÏËÅÔÏ×,   ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ
+              ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏ × ÍÅÔÏÄÅ TCP connect() ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ. üÔÕ ÏÐÃÉÀ ÍÏÖÎÏ
+              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ   ÄÌÑ   ÚÁÍÅÄÌÅÎÉÑ    ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ    ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ    É
+              ÐÒÅÄÏÔ×ÒÁÝÅÎÉÑ ×Ù×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ ÉÚ ÓÔÒÏÑ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ.
 
        --packet_trace
-              ðÏËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÍÙÅ É ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ  TCP-
-              Dump.
+              õËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔ  nmap ÏÔÏÂÒÁÖÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÍÙÅ É ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×ÁÅÍÙÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ
+              × ÆÏÒÍÁÔÅ TCPDump. üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ  ÄÌÑ  ÏÔÌÁÄËÉ
+              ÒÁÂÏÔÙ nmap É ÓÅÔÉ, Á ÔÁËÖÅ × ÏÂÕÞÁÀÝÉÈ ÃÅÌÑÈ.
 
-       --datadir []
-              ðÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ Nmap ÓÞÉÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÏ× nmap-services, nmap-
-              protocols, nmap-rpc, É nmap-os-fingerprints.  éÈ  ÍÅÓÔÏÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ
-              Nmap ÂÅÒÅÔ ÉÚ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ --nmapdir. úÁÔÅÍ ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÅÔÓÑ ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ
-              ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ NMAPDIR, ÐÏÓÌÅ ÞÅÇÏ ~/nmap,  Á  ÚÁÔÅÍ  ÐÕÔØ  ÎÁÐÏÄÏÂÉÅ
-              /usr/share/nmap . á ÐÏÔÏÍ Nmap ÉÝÅÔ ÉÈ × ÔÅËÕÝÅÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ.  üÔÏÊ
-              ÏÐÃÉÅÊ ÍÏÖÎÏ Ñ×ÎÏ ÚÁÄÁÔØ ÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÉÅ ÜÔÉÈ ÆÁÊÌÏ×.
+       --datadir [_]
+              ðÒÉ ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ nmap ÓÞÉÔÙ×ÁÅÔ ÄÁÎÎÙÅ ÉÚ ÆÁÊÌÏ× nmap-service-probes,
+              nmap-services,  nmap-protocols,  nmap-rpc,  nmap-mac-prefixes  É
+              nmap-os-fingerprints.  óÎÁÞÁÌÁ  nmap ÉÝÅÔ ÜÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ × ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ
+              ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÊ × ÏÐÃÉÉ --nmapdir. åÓÌÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ ÎÅ ÎÁÊÄÅÎÙ - ÐÒÏ×ÅÒÑÅÔÓÑ
+              ÐÅÒÅÍÅÎÎÁÑ  ÏËÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ  NMAPDIR,  ÐÏÓÌÅ ÞÅÇÏ ~/nmap, Á ÚÁÔÅÍ ÐÕÔØ
+              ÎÁÐÏÄÏÂÉÉ /usr/local/share/nmap ÉÌÉ /usr/share/nmap. é  ÎÁËÏÎÅÃ,
+              nmap ÉÝÅÔ ÜÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ × ÔÅËÕÝÅÍ ËÁÔÁÌÏÇÅ. üÔÏÊ ÏÐÃÉÅÊ ÍÏÖÎÏ ÚÁÄÁÔØ
+              Ñ×ÎÏÅ ÉÍÑ ÄÉÒÅËÔÏÒÉÉ ÇÄÅ ÒÁÓÐÏÌÏÖÅÎÙ ÜÔÉ ÆÁÊÌÙ.
 
-          
-              ïÂÙÞÎÏ Nmap  Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ  ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÔ  ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ  ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ  ×
-              ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ  Ó  ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÁÍÉ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ  ÓÅÔÉ.  îÁÓÔÒÏÊËÉ
-              ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ, ×Ï-ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ, ÄÌÑ ÐÒÏ×ÅÄÅÎÉÑ  ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏ  ÂÙÓÔÒÏÇÏ
-              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ,  É ×Ï-×ÔÏÒÙÈ, ÄÌÑ ÕÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÏÑ×ÌÅÎÉÑ
-              ÏÛÉÂÏË.  åÓÌÉ  ×ÁÓ  ÎÅ   ÕÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÔ   Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÁÑ   ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ
-              ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ  ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ×,  ×Ù  ÍÏÖÅÔÅ  ÎÁÓÔÒÏÉÔØ ÉÈ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ,
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ ÜÔÉ ÏÐÃÉÉ.
+         
+              ïÂÙÞÎÏ nmap Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ ÎÁÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÔ  ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÅ  ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÙ  ÐÒÉ
+              ÚÁÐÕÓËÅ, × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ÈÁÒÁËÔÅÒÉÓÔÉËÁÍÉ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ ÓÅÔÉ, ÞÔÏ
+              ÂÙ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÅÓÔÉ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ËÁË ÍÏÖÎÏ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ É ÔÏÞÎÅÅ. îÏ ÉÎÏÇÄÁ
+              ÂÙ×ÁÀÔ   ÓÌÕÞÁÉ,   ËÏÇÄÁ   ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÁÑ  ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÁ  ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ
+              ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× nmap ×ÁÓ ÎÅ  ÕÓÔÒÁÉ×ÁÅÔ.  ÷  ÜÔÏÍ  ÓÌÕÞÁÅ  ×Ù  ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
+              ×ÏÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÍÉ ÏÐÃÉÑÍÉ:
 
        -T <Paranoid|Sneaky|Polite|Normal|Aggressive|Insane>
-              ÜÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÊ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.  ôÒÅÂÕÅÍÙÊ
-              ÒÅÖÉÍ   ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÅÔÓÑ   ×   ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å   ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ.  òÅÖÉÍ  Paranoid
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ  ×   ÓÌÕÞÁÅ,   ËÏÇÄÁ   ÏÞÅÎØ   ×ÅÌÉËÁ   ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏÓÔØ
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ   ÓËÁÎ-ÄÅÔÅËÔÏÒÏ×.   ÷  ÜÔÏÍ  ÒÅÖÉÍÅ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
-              ÐÒÏÈÏÄÉÔ   ÏÞÅÎØ   ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ.   ðÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏÅ   ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ    ÎÅ
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ.    ÷ÍÅÓÔÏ   ÜÔÏÇÏ   Nmap   ÐÒÏ×ÏÄÉÔ   ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
-              ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ, Ó ÉÎÔÅÒ×ÁÌÏÍ ÐÏ  ÍÅÎØÛÅÊ  ÍÅÒÅ  5  ÍÉÎÕÔ  ÍÅÖÄÕ
-              ÐÏÓÙÌËÏÊ  ÐÁËÅÔÏ×. òÅÖÉÍ Sneaky ÐÏÈÏÖ ÎÁ ÒÅÖÉÍ Paranoid. òÁÚÎÉÃÁ
-              ÚÁËÌÀÞÁÅÔÓÑ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ  ÉÎÔÅÒ×ÁÌ  ÍÅÖÄÕ  ÐÏÓÙÌËÏÊ  Ä×ÕÈ  ÐÁËÅÔÏ×
-              ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ  15 ÓÅËÕÎÄ. òÅÖÉÍ Polite ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ × ÓÌÕÞÁÅ, ËÏÇÄÁ
-              ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ  ÍÉÎÉÍÉÚÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ  ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÕ   ÎÁ   ÓÅÔØ   É   ÕÍÅÎØÛÉÔØ
-              ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏÓÔØ  "ÚÁ×ÁÌÁ"  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ  ÈÏÓÔÁ.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÔÅÓÔÙ
-              ÐÒÏÈÏÄÑÔ  ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ  Ó  ÉÎÔÅÒ×ÁÌÏÍ  ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ  0,4  ÓÅËÕÎÄÙ.
-              òÅÖÉÍ  Normal  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ  Nmap  ÐÏ  ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.  ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ
-              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ Ó ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÊ  ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØÀ,  É
-              ÐÏ  ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ  ÂÅÚ  ÐÅÒÅÇÒÕÚËÉ  ÓÅÔÉ É ×ÏÚÎÉËÎÏ×ÅÎÉÑ ÏÛÉÂÏË. ÷
-              ÒÅÖÉÍÅ Aggressive ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ  ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÅ  ÎÁ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
-              ÏÄÎÏÇÏ  ÈÏÓÔÁ,  ÒÁ×ÎÏÅ  5 ÍÉÎÕÔÁÍ, É, ËÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ×ÒÅÍÑ ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÑ
-              ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ  ÚÁÐÒÏÓ  ÎÅ  ÐÒÅ×ÙÛÁÅÔ  1,25  ÓÅËÕÎÄÙ.   òÅÖÉÍ  Insane
-              ÐÒÉÍÅÎÑÅÔÓÑ  ÔÏÌØËÏ ÐÒÉ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ ÏÞÅÎØ ÂÙÓÔÒÙÈ ÓÅÔÅÊ.  ÷ÒÅÍÑ
-              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ  ÈÏÓÔÁ  ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ  75  ÓÅËÕÎÄ,  Á  ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÅ
-              ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ - 0,3 ÓÅËÕÎÄÙ.
+              ÷ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔØ   ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÉÑ   ÒÅÖÉÍÏ×   ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  Ó  ÇÏÔÏ×ÙÍÉ
+              ÎÁÂÏÒÁÍÉ ÐÒÁ×ÉÌ ÐÏ  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÅ  ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÙÈ  ÉÎÔÅÒ×ÁÌÏ×.   Paranoid
+              ÒÅÖÉÍ  -  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÐÒÏÉÓÈÏÄÉÔ ÏÞÅÎØ ÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ ÄÌÑ ÔÏÇÏ ÞÔÏ ÂÙ
+              ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ   ÚÁÝÉÔÙ   ÎÅ   ÒÁÓÐÏÚÎÁÌÉ   ÅÇÏ.   ðÁËÅÔÙ    ÐÏÓÙÌÁÀÔÓÑ
+              ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ,  Ó  ÉÎÔÅÒ×ÁÌÏÍ × 5 ÍÉÎÕÔ. òÅÖÉÍ Sneaky ÐÏÈÏÖ ÎÁ
+              ÒÅÖÉÍ Paranoid.  òÁÚÎÉÃÁ ÌÉÛØ × ÔÏÍ, ÞÔÏ ÉÎÔÅÒ×ÁÌ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÐÏÓÙÌËÏÊ
+              ÐÁËÅÔÏ×  ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ  15  ÓÅËÕÎÄ.  òÅÖÉÍ  Polite  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ  ×
+              ÓÌÕÞÁÅ,  ËÏÇÄÁ  ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ  ÞÔÏ  ÂÙ  ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÁ   ÎÁ   ÓÅÔØ   ÂÙÌÁ
+              ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏÊ. ÷ ÜÔÏÍ ÒÅÖÉÍÅ ÐÁËÅÔÙ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÀÔÓÑ ÐÏÓÌÅÄÏ×ÁÔÅÌØÎÏ Ó
+              ÉÎÔÅÒ×ÁÌÏÍ ÍÉÎÉÍÕÍ 0,4 ÓÅËÕÎÄÙ.  òÅÖÉÍ Normal ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ  nmap
+              ÐÏ   ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ.   ÷  ÜÔÏÍ  ÒÅÖÉÍÅ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÏÄÉÔÓÑ  Ó
+              ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÊ ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØÀ, É ÐÏ ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ ÂÅÚ ÐÅÒÅÇÒÕÚËÉ  ÓÅÔÉ  É
+              ÐÏÔÅÒÉ  ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.  òÅÖÉÍ  Aggressive  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ  ÄÌÑ  ÂÙÓÔÒÏÇÏ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ   ÈÏÒÏÛÏ   ÆÉÌØÔÒÕÅÍÙÈ   ÓÅÔÅÊ,    ÏÓÏÂÅÎÎÏ    ÅÓÌÉ
+              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ   SYN-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ.   òÅÖÉÍ   Insane  ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÔÓÑ
+              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÉÌÉ ×  ÏÞÅÎØ  ÂÙÓÔÒÙÈ  ÓÅÔÑÈ,  ÉÌÉ  ÅÓÌÉ  ×Ù  ÔÏÞÎÏ
+              ÚÎÁÅÔÅ,  ÞÔÏ  ÐÁËÅÔÙ  ÎÅ  ÚÁÔÅÒÑÀÔÓÑ.  ÷ÒÅÍÑ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ
+              ÈÏÓÔÁ - 15 ÍÉÎÕÔ, Á ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÅ ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ ÎÁ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ - 0,3 ÓÅËÕÎÄÙ.
 
-              ëÁÖÄÏÍÕ  ÒÅÖÉÍÕ  ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÅÎ  ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÊ  ÎÏÍÅÒ,  É  ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ
-              ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ×ÍÅÓÔÏ ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑ  ÒÅÖÉÍÁ.  ôÁË,  ÏÐÃÉÑ  ’-T0’
-              ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ   ÒÅÖÉÍ   Paranoid,   Á   ’-T5’   -  Insane.  îÕÍÅÒÁÃÉÑ
-              ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ ÐÏÒÑÄËÕ, ×  ËÏÔÏÒÏÍ  ÏÎÉ  ÂÙÌÉ  ÐÅÒÅÞÉÓÌÅÎÙ  ×ÙÛÅ.
-              úÁÍÅÔÉÍ,  ÞÔÏ  ÏÐÃÉÑ ’-T’ ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ Nmap ÎÁ ×ÙÓÏËÏÍ
-              ÕÒÏ×ÎÅ, É ÎÅ ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ Ó ÏÐÃÉÑÍÉ, ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÙÍÉ  ÎÉÖÅ
-              (ÏÎÉ ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÉ×ÁÀÔ ÎÉÚËÏÕÒÏ×ÎÅ×ÕÀ ÎÁÓÔÒÏÊËÕ).
+              ëÁÖÄÏÍÕ ÒÅÖÉÍÕ ÐÒÉÓ×ÏÅÎ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌ£ÎÎÙÊ ÎÏÍÅÒ ÏÔ  0  ÄÏ  5,  É  ÅÇÏ
+              ÍÏÖÎÏ  ÕËÁÚÁÔØ  ×ÍÅÓÔÏ  ÐÏÌÎÏÇÏ ÎÁÚ×ÁÎÉÑ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÏÐÃÉÑ
+              ’-T0’ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ÒÅÖÉÍ Paranoid, Á ’-T5’ - Insane. åÓÌÉ ×Ù  ÈÏÔÉÔÅ
+              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ  ÔÁËÉÅ ÏÐÃÉÉ ËÁË --max_rtt_timeout ÉÌÉ --host_time-
+              out, ÒÁÓÐÏÌÁÇÁÊÔÅ ÉÈ × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ ÐÏÓÌÅ ÌÀÂÙÈ ’-T’  ÏÐÃÉÊ.
 
-       --host_timeout <>
-              õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ  ×ÒÅÍÑ,  ÏÔ×ÏÄÉÍÏÅ  Nmap  ÎÁ  ÐÏÌÎÏÅ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ
-              ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ, ÐÒÅÖÄÅ ÞÅÍ ÏÎ ÐÅÒÅÊÄÅÔ Ë ÏÞÅÒÅÄÎÏÍÕ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÕ.  ðÏ
-              ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ  ÜÔÏÔ  ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ  ÏÔÓÕÔÓÔ×ÕÅÔ, Ô.Å. Nmap ÎÅ ÐÅÒÅÈÏÄÉÔ Ë
-              ÏÞÅÒÅÄÎÏÍÕ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ ÄÏ ÏËÏÎÞÁÎÉÑ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÔÅËÕÝÅÇÏ.
+       --host_timeout <>
+              õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ  ×ÒÅÍÑ,  ÏÔ×ÏÄÉÍÏÅ  nmap  ÎÁ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÏÄÎÏÇÏ
+              ÈÏÓÔÁ,  ÐÒÅÖÄÅ  ÞÅÍ  ÏÎ  ÐÅÒÅÊÄÅÔ  Ë  ÏÞÅÒÅÄÎÏÍÕ  IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÕ.  ðÏ
+              ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÜÔÏÔ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ ÎÅ ÉÍÅÅÔ ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑ.
 
        --max_rtt_timeout <>
-              õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÅÒÈÎÀÀ ÇÒÁÎÉÃÕ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÇÏ  ÉÎÔÅÒ×ÁÌÁ,  ×  ÔÅÞÅÎÉÅ
-              ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ  Nmap  ÏÖÉÄÁÅÔ  ÏÔ×ÅÔ  ÎÁ  ÐÏÓÌÁÎÎÙÊ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ, ÐÒÅÖÄÅ ÞÅÍ
-              ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÉÔØ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ ÌÉÂÏ ÐÏÓÌÁÔØ ÎÏ×ÙÊ. ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ  ÜÔÏ  ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ
-              ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ 9000 ÍÉÌÌÉÓÅËÕÎÄ.
+              õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ   ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ   ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï   ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ,  ×  ÔÅÞÅÎÉÅ
+              ËÏÔÏÒÏÇÏ nmap ÏÖÉÄÁÅÔ ÏÔ×ÅÔ  ÎÁ  ÐÏÓÌÁÎÎÙÊ  ÚÁÐÒÏÓ,  ÐÒÅÖÄÅ  ÞÅÍ
+              ÐÏ×ÔÏÒÉÔØ  ÚÁÐÒÏÓ  ÉÌÉ  ÓÞÉÔÁÔØ  ÅÇÏ ÕÔÅÒÑÎÎÙÍ. ðÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÜÔÏ
+              ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÌÅÎÏ ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ 9000 ÍÉÌÌÉÓÅËÕÎÄ.
 
        --min_rtt_timeout <>
-              åÓÌÉ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ  ÈÏÓÔ ÎÅÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ ÎÁ ÐÏÓÌÁÎÎÙÊ ÚÁÐÒÏÓ,
-              Nmap ÓÒÁÚÕ ÖÅ ÐÅÒÅÄÁÅÔ  ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÊ,  ÓÜËÏÎÏÍÉ×  ÔÅÍ  ÓÁÍÙÍ  ÏÞÅÎØ
-              ÍÎÏÇÏ  ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ.   üÔÏ ÕÓËÏÒÑÅÔ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë
-              ÐÏÔÅÒÅ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×  Ó  ÏÔ×ÅÔÁÍÉ,  ÐÒÉÛÅÄÛÉÍÉ  ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ  ÐÏÚÖÅ,  ÞÅÍ
-              ÏÂÙÞÎÏ.  üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÎÉÖÎÀÀ ÇÒÁÎÉÃÕ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ ÏÖÉÄÁÎÉÑ
-              ÏÔ×ÅÔÁ,  Ô.Å.  Nmap  ×  ÌÀÂÏÍ  ÓÌÕÞÁÅ  ÂÕÄÅÔ  ÖÄÁÔØ  ×   ÔÅÞÅÎÉÉ
-              ÕËÁÚÁÎÎÏÇÏ  ×ÁÍÉ  ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ  ÎÅ ÚÁ×ÉÓÉÍÏ ÏÔ ÔÏÇÏ, ÐÒÉÛÅÌ ÏÔ×ÅÔ ÉÌÉ
-              ÎÅÔ.
+              åÓÌÉ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ ÏÞÅÎØ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ  ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÅÔ  ÎÁ  ÚÁÐÒÏÓÙ,  nmap
+              ÂÕÄÅÔ   Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ   ÕÍÅÎØÛÁÔØ   ÉÎÔÅÒ×ÁÌ  ÍÅÖÄÕ  ÐÏÓÙÌÁÅÍÙÍÉ
+              ÚÁÐÒÏÓÁÍÉ. üÔÏ ÕÓËÏÒÑÅÔ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, ÎÏ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÐÒÉ×ÅÓÔÉ Ë ÐÏÔÅÒÅ
+              ÐÁËÅÔÏ×  Ó  ÏÔ×ÅÔÁÍÉ,  ÐÒÉÛÅÄÛÉÍÉ  ÐÏÚÖÅ,  ÞÅÍ ÏÂÙÞÎÏ. üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ
+              ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÑÅÔ ÓËÏÌØËÏ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ nmap  ÄÏÌÖÅÎ  ÖÄÁÔØ  ÐÅÒÅÄ  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÏÊ
+              ÏÞÅÒÅÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÁËÅÔÁ.
 
        --initial_rtt_timeout <>
-              õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ×ÒÅÍÑ, ÏÔ×ÏÄÉÍÏÅ  ÎÁ  ÎÁÞÁÌØÎÙÊ  ÔÅÓÔ.  üÔÁ  ÏÐÃÉÑ
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ  ×  ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ  ÄÌÑ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  ÈÏÓÔÏ×, ÚÁÝÉÝÅÎÎÙÈ
-              ÆÁÉÒ×ÏÌÌÏÍ, ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ Ó ÏÐÃÉÅÊ ’-P0’. ïÂÙÞÎÏ Nmap  Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ
-              ×ÙÂÉÒÁÅÔ  ÏÐÔÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ  ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ  ÜÔÏÇÏ  ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ.  úÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ  ÐÏ
-              ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ 6000 ÍÉÌÌÉÓÅËÕÎÄ.
+              õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ  ×ÒÅÍÑ, ÏÔ×ÏÄÉÍÏÅ ÎÁ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ÁËÔÉ×ÎÏÓÔÉ ÈÏÓÔÁ.
+              üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ  ×  ÏÓÎÏ×ÎÏÍ  ÄÌÑ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  ÈÏÓÔÏ×,
+              ÚÁÝÉÝÅÎÎÙÈ  ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌÏÍ,  ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ  Ó  ÏÐÃÉÅÊ  ’-P0’. ïÂÙÞÎÏ nmap
+              Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ  ×ÙÂÉÒÁÅÔ  ÏÐÔÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ  ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ  ÜÔÏÇÏ  ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ
+              ÐÏÓÌÅ  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÉ  ping  É  ÐÅÒ×ÙÈ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÀÝÉÈ  ÐÁËÅÔÏ×  ÎÁ ÈÏÓÔ.
+              úÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÐÏ ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ ÓÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔ 6000 ÍÉÌÌÉÓÅËÕÎÄ.
+
+       --max_hostgroup <_>
+              õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÈÏÓÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ nmap ÍÏÖÅÔ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ  ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏ. âÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Ï ÔÅÈÎÉË ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÐÏÒÔÏ×
+              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÀÔ ÏÄÎÏ×ÒÅÍÅÎÎÏÅ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÉÈ  ÈÏÓÔÏ×,  ÞÔÏ
+              ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ ÂÙÓÔÒÅÅ. îÏ ÞÔÏ ÂÙ ÄÏÖÄÁÔØÓÑ ×ÓÅÈ ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÏ×
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÖÄÁÔØ, ÐÏËÁ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÙ ×ÓÅ
+              ÈÏÓÔÙ.  åÓÌÉ  ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ ÂÙ ÈÏÓÔÙ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÌÉÓØ ÐÏÏÞÅÒ£ÄÎÏ É
+              ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ ×Ù×ÏÄÉÌÉÓØ ÏÔÎÏÓÉÔÅÌØÎÏ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÈÏÓÔÁ ÂÅÚ ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÉ  -
+              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ   1   ×   ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å  ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÁ.  úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ,  ÞÔÏ  ping
+              -ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÇÒÕÐÐÉÒÕÅÔ  ÈÏÓÔÙ  ÐÏ-Ó×ÏÅÍÕ  É  ÉÇÎÏÒÉÒÕÅÔ  ÜÔÏÔ
+              ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ.
+
+       --min_hostgroup <_>
+              õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï ÈÏÓÔÏ×, ËÏÔÏÒÏÅ nmap ÄÏÌÖÅÎ
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÏ. (ÓÍ. --max_hostgroup)
 
        --max_parallelism <>
               õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ  ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ  ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï  ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÈ  ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×
-              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ,   ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ  Nmap.  õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ  ÜÔÏÇÏ  ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ
-              ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ 1 ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ, ÞÔÏ Nmap ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ  ÂÏÌÅÅ
-              ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ × ÏÄÉÎ ÍÏÍÅÎÔ ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ.
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  nmap. õÓÔÁÎÏ×ËÁ ÜÔÏÇÏ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÁ ÒÁ×ÎÙÍ 1 ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ,
+              ÞÔÏ nmap ÎÉËÏÇÄÁ ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÏÄÎÏÇÏ ÐÏÒÔÁ ×  ÏÄÉÎ
+              ÍÏÍÅÎÔ    ×ÒÅÍÅÎÉ.    üÔÏÔ    ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ   ÔÁËÖÅ   ×ÌÉÑÅÔ   É   ÎÁ
+              ping-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ, RPC-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ É Ô.Ð.
 
        --min_parallelism <>
-              õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ   ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ  ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï  ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÈ  ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×
-              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ,   ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÍÙÈ    Nmap.    õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ    ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ
-              ÐÒÏÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÑ ÐÁËÅÔÏ× ÞÅÒÅÚ ÆÁÉÒ×ÏÌÌÙ.
+              õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ  ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ  ËÏÌÉÞÅÓÔ×Ï  ÐÁÒÁÌÌÅÌØÎÙÈ   ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÏ×
+              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  nmap.  õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÅÔ  ÓËÏÒÏÓÔØ  ÐÒÏÈÏÖÄÅÎÉÑ  ÐÁËÅÔÏ×
+              ÞÅÒÅÚ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÆÁÅÒ×ÏÌÙ, ÏÄÎÁËÏ ÅÓÌÉ ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÓÌÉÛËÏÍ ÂÏÌØÛÏÅ
+              ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ, - ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÂÕÄÕÔ ÎÅÎÁÄ£ÖÎÙÍÉ.
 
-       --scan_delay <>
-              ÕÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ  ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ  ×ÒÅÍÑ  ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÉ  ÍÅÖÄÕ ÔÅÓÔÁÍÉ.  üÔÁ
-              ÏÐÃÉÑ ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØÓÑ  ÄÌÑ  ÓÎÉÖÅÎÉÑ  ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÉ  ÎÁ  ÓÅÔØ  É
-              ÕÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏÓÔÉ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.
+       --scan_delay <>
+              õÓÔÁÎÁ×ÌÉ×ÁÅÔ   ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ   ×ÒÅÍÑ   ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÉ  ÍÅÖÄÕ  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÏÊ
+              ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.  üÔÁ ÏÐÃÉÑ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÓÑ ÄÌÑ ÓÎÉÖÅÎÉÑ ÎÁÇÒÕÚËÉ ÎÁ ÓÅÔØ É
+              ÕÍÅÎØÛÅÎÉÑ  ×ÅÒÏÑÔÎÏÓÔÉ  ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÉÑ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.  Nmap ÉÎÏÇÄÁ
+              ÍÏÖÅÔ Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉ×ÁÔØ ÜÔÏ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ ÓÁÍÏÓÔÏÑÔÅÌØÎÏ, ÅÓÌÉ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉ×ÁÅÔ
+              ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ  ÐÏÔÅÒÉ  ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,  ïó  Solaris  ÏÔ×ÅÞÁÀÔ
+              ÔÏÌØËÏ  ÏÄÎÉÍ  ICMP  port  unreachable  ÐÁËÅÔÏÍ  ×  ÓÅËÕÎÄÕ  ÐÒÉ
+              UDP-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ.  Nmap  ÓÔÁÒÁÅÔÓÑ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ  ÜÔÏ  É Õ×ÅÌÉÞÉÔØ
+              ÍÉÎÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ×ÒÅÍÑ ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÉ ÄÏ ÏÄÎÏÊ ÓÅËÕÎÄÙ.
+
+       --max_scan_delay <>
+              ëÁË ÏÔÍÅÞÅÎÏ  ×ÙÛÅ,  nmap  ÍÏÖÅÔ  Á×ÔÏÍÁÔÉÞÅÓËÉ  ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ  ×ÒÅÍÑ
+              ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÉ  ÍÅÖÄÕ  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÏÊ  ÐÁËÅÔÏ×.  üÔÏ  ÍÏÖÅÔ  ÄÁ×ÁÔØ  ÌÕÞÛÉÅ
+              ÒÅÚÕÌØÔÁÔÙ ÐÒÉ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÉ, ÎÏ ÚÎÁÞÉÔÅÌØÎÏ  ÚÁÍÅÄÌÑÔØ  ÅÇÏ.  ðÏ
+              ÕÍÏÌÞÁÎÉÀ (ÂÅÚ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÎÏÊ ’-ô’ ÏÐÃÉÉ), nmap ÍÏÖÅÔ ÉÚÍÅÎÑÔØ ×ÒÅÍÑ
+              ÚÁÄÅÒÖËÉ ÍÅÖÄÕ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ËÏÊ ÐÁËÅÔÏ×  ÄÏ  1  ×  ÓÅËÕÎÄÕ.  üÔÁ  ÏÐÃÉÑ
+              ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ  ÕÓÔÁÎÏ×ÉÔØ ÂÏÌØÛÅÅ ÉÌÉ ÍÅÎØÛÅÅ ÍÁËÓÉÍÁÌØÎÏÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÅ.
 
 
+

+
óðïóïâù úáäáîéñ ãåìé
+       ÷Ó£, ÞÔÏ ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÐÃÉÅÊ (ÉÌÉ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ ÏÐÃÉÉ) nmap  ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÉÒÕÅÔ
+       ËÁË  ÁÄÒÅÓ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÊ  ÃÅÌÉ.  ðÒÏÓÔÅÊÛÉÊ  ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔ - ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÉÍÅÎÁ ÉÌÉ
+       ip-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÈÏÓÔÏ× × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ  ÓÔÒÏËÅ.  åÓÌÉ  ×Ù  ÈÏÔÉÔÅ  ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ
+       ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ  ip-ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×, ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔØ / ÓÅÔÉ Ë ip-ÁÄÒÅÓÕ. íÁÓËÁ
+       ÄÏÌÖÎÁ ÂÙÔØ  ×  ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÅ  ÏÔ  0  (ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ  ×ÅÓØ  éÎÔÅÒÎÅÔ)  ÄÏ  32
+       (ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÄÉÎÓÔ×ÅÎÎÙÊ ÈÏÓÔ). éÓÐÏÌØÚÕÊÔÅ /24 ÄÌÑ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ ÃÅÌÏÊ
+       ÓÅÔÉ ËÌÁÓÓÁ "ó" É /16 ÄÌÑ ÓÅÔÉ ËÌÁÓÓÁ "÷".
 
-          
-              ÷ÓÅ, ÞÔÏ ÎÅ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÐÃÉÅÊ ÉÌÉ ÅÅ ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏÍ, Nmap ×ÏÓÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÅÔ
-              ËÁË ÁÄÒÅÓ ÉÌÉ ÉÍÑ  ÃÅÌÅ×ÏÇÏ  ÈÏÓÔÁ  (Ô.Å.  ÈÏÓÔÁ,  ÐÏÄ×ÅÒÇÁÅÍÏÇÏ
-              ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÀ).   ðÒÏÓÔÅÊÛÉÊ  ÓÐÏÓÏ  ÚÁÄÁÔØ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÊ  ÈÏÓÔ -
-              ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÅÇÏ ÉÍÑ ÉÌÉ ÁÄÒÅÓ  ×  ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ  ÓÔÒÏËÅ  ÐÏÓÌÅ  ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÑ
-              ÏÐÃÉÊ  É  ÁÒÇÕÍÅÎÔÏ×.  åÓÌÉ  ×Ù  ÈÏÔÉÔÅ  ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ  ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ
-              IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×, ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ  ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒ  /mask  ("ÍÁÓËÁ")
-              ÐÏÓÌÅ  ÉÍÅÎÉ  ÉÌÉ  IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÏÇÏ  ÈÏÓÔÁ.   íÁÓËÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ
-              ÐÒÉÎÉÍÁÔØ ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ÚÎÁÞÅÎÉÑ:
-
-              Nmap ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÔÁËÖÅ ÇÉÂËÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÃÅÌÅ×ÙÅ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ,  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ
-              ÓÐÉÓËÉ É ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÙ ÄÌÑ ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÈ ÜÌÅÍÅÎÔÁ. îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍÏ
-              ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ ËÌÁÓÓÁ B Ó ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ  128.210.*.*.   úÁÄÁÔØ
-              ÜÔÕ   ÓÅÔØ   ÍÏÖÎÏ  ÌÀÂÙÍ  ÉÚ  ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÈ  ÓÐÏÓÏÂÏ×:  128.210.*.*
-              128.210.0-255.0-255            128.210.1-50,51-255.1,2,3,4,5-255
-              128.210.0.0/16 ÷ÓÅ ÜÔÉ ÓÔÒÏËÉ ÜË×É×ÁÌÅÎÔÎÙ. úÁÍÅÔÉÍ, ÞÔÏ ÅÓÌÉ ×Ù
-              ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔÅ "Ú×ÅÚÄÏÞËÕ" (’*’), ÔÏ  ×  ÂÏÌØÛÉÎÓÔ×Å  ÏÂÏÌÏÞÅË  ×ÁÍ
-              ÐÏÎÁÄÏÂÉÔÓÑ   ÏÔÄÅÌÉÔØ   ÅÅ   ÏÂÒÁÔÎÏÊ   "ËÏÓÏÊ   ÞÅÒÔÏÊ"   ÌÉÂÏ
-              ÁÐÏÓÔÒÏÆÁÍÉ. ðÒÉ×ÅÄÅÍ  ÅÝÅ  ÏÄÉÎ  ÐÒÉÍÅÒ.   åÓÌÉ  ×Ù  ÕËÁÚÁÌÉ  ×
-              ËÁÞÅÓÔ×Å ÃÅÌÅ×ÏÇÏ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ÓÔÒÏËÕ ’*.*.5.6-7’, Nmap ÏÔÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÔ
-              ×ÓÅ IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ, ÏËÁÎÞÉ×ÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÎÁ 5.6 ÌÉÂÏ 5.7.   âÏÌÅÅ  ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏ
-              ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ×ÙÚÏ×Á ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ Nmap ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÙ ÎÉÖÅ.
+       Nmap ÔÁËÖÅ ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÇÉÂËÏ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ ÃÅÌÅ×ÙÅ  IP-ÁÄÒÅÓÁ,  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÑ
+       ÓÐÉÓËÉ   É   ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÙ   ÄÌÑ   ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ  ÉÈ  ÜÌÅÍÅÎÔÁ.  îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ,  ÞÔÏÂÙ
+       ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÄÓÅÔØ ËÌÁÓÓÁ "B" Ó ÁÄÒÅÓÏÍ  192.168.*.*.  ×  ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ
+       ÓÔÒÏËÅ  ×Ù  ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÕËÁÚÁÔØ " 192.168.*.*  " ÉÌÉ " 192.168.0-255.0-255 "
+       ÉÌÉ ÄÁÖÅ "  192.168.1-50,51-255.1,2,3,4,5-255  ".  é,  ËÏÎÅÞÎÏ  ÖÅ,  ×Ù
+       ÍÏÖÅÔÅ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ  ÍÁÓËÕ  -  "  192.168.0.0/16"  ("*"), ÐÏÍÎÉÔÅ, ÞÔÏ
+       ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÙÅ ÉÎÔÅÒÐÒÅÔÁÔÏÒÙ ÔÒÅÂÕÀÔ ÕËÁÚÙ×ÁÔØ "
 
+       åÝ£ ÏÄÎÉÍ ×ÁÒÉÁÎÔÏÍ ÚÁÄÁÎÉÑ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×  Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ  ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÐÒÅÆÉËÓÁ.
+       îÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ, ÞÔÏ ÂÙ ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ × ÓÅÔÉ, ÚÁËÁÎÞÉ×ÁÀÝÉÅÓÑ ÎÁ
 
 
 

 
ðòéíåòù
-       ðÒÉ×ÅÄÅÍ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ Nmap É ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÉÅ ÓÐÏÓÏÂÙ
-       ÚÁÐÕÓËÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ Ó ÕËÁÚÁÎÉÅÍ ÐÁÒÁÍÅÔÒÏ× × ËÏÍÁÎÄÎÏÊ ÓÔÒÏËÅ.
+       ÷  ÜÔÏÍ  ÒÁÚÄÅÌÅ  ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÔÓÑ  ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÅ  ÐÒÉÍÅÒÙ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÑ nmap, ÏÔ
+       ÐÒÏÓÔÙÈ ÄÏ ÂÏÌÅÅ ÓÌÏÖÎÙÈ.
 
        nmap -v target.example.com
 
        óËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ  ×ÓÅ  ÚÁÒÅÚÅÒ×ÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÙÅ  TCP-ÐÏÒÔÙ  ÎÁ  ÈÏÓÔÅ  target.exam-
-       ple.com.  ïÐÃÉÑ ’-v’ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÉÅ ÒÅÖÉÍÁ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÇÏ ÏÔÞÅÔÁ Ï ÈÏÄÅ
+       ple.com.   ïÐÃÉÑ  ’-v’ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ ×ËÌÀÞÉÔØ ÒÅÖÉÍ ÐÏÄÒÏÂÎÏÇÏ ÏÔÞÅÔÁ Ï ÈÏÄÅ
        ÐÒÏÃÅÓÓÁ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ.
 
        nmap -sS -O target.example.com/24
 
-       úÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔ SYN-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ×ÓÅÈ 255 ÍÁÛÉÎ Ó ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍÉ ËÌÁÓÓÁ C, ÏÄÎÏÊ ÉÚ
-       ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ   Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ   target.example.com.   ëÒÏÍÅ  ÔÏÇÏ,  ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ
-       ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ïó ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÈ ÈÏÓÔÏ×. äÌÑ ÜÔÏÇÏ  ×ÁÍ  ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ
-       ÓÔÁÔÕÓ root.
+       úÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔ SYN-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ (-sS) ×ÓÅÈ 255(ÍÁÓËÁ /24) ÍÁÛÉÎ  Ó  ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍÉ
+       ËÌÁÓÓÁ   "C",  ÏÄÎÏÊ  ÉÚ  ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ  Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ  target.example.com.  ôÁËÖÅ
+       ÏÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÅÎÉÅ ïó (-O) ËÁÖÄÏÇÏ ÉÚ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÅÍÙÈ  ÈÏÓÔÏ×.  äÌÑ
+       ×ÙÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ ÜÔÉÈ ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÊ ×ÁÍ ÎÅÏÂÈÏÄÉÍ ÓÔÁÔÕÓ root.
 
        nmap -sX -p 22,53,110,143,4564 198.116.*.1-127
 
-       ïÓÕÝÅÓÔ×ÌÑÅÔ  Xmas-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ ÐÏÌÏ×ÉÎÙ ÁÄÒÅÓÏ× (0-127) ËÁÖÄÏÊ
-       ÉÚ 255 ÐÏÄÓÅÔÅÊ ËÌÁÓÓÁ B ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á  128.210.*.*.  îÁ  ÜÔÉÈ
-       ÈÏÓÔÁÈ  ÔÅÓÔÉÒÕÅÔÓÑ  ÐÒÉÓÕÔÓÔ×ÉÅ sshd (22 ÐÏÒÔ), DNS (53), pop3d (110),
-       imapd  (143)  É  ÓÏÓÔÏÑÎÉÅ   ÐÏÒÔÁ   4564.   ïÂÒÁÝÁÅÍ   ×ÎÉÍÁÎÉÅ,   ÞÔÏ
-       Xmas-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ÎÅ ÂÕÄÅÔ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÔØ Ó ïó Windows, CISCO, IRIX, HP/UX É
-       BSDI.
+       úÁÐÕÓËÁÅÔ  Xmas-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  (-sX)  ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ  ÐÏÌÏ×ÉÎÙ  ÁÄÒÅÓÏ×  (0-127)
+       ËÁÖÄÏÊ ÉÚ 255 ÐÏÄÓÅÔÅÊ ËÌÁÓÓÁ "B" ÁÄÒÅÓÎÏÇÏ  ÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÓÔ×Á  128.210.*.*.
+       îÁ ÜÔÉÈ ÈÏÓÔÁÈ ÓËÁÎÉÒÕÀÔÓÑ 22, 53, 110, 143 É 4564 ÐÏÒÔÙ. úÁÍÅÔØÔÅ, ÞÔÏ
+       Xmas-ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ ÒÁÂÏÔÁÅÔ Ó ïó Windows,  CISCO,  IRIX,  HP/UX  É  BSDI
+       ÍÁÛÉÎÁÍÉ.
 
-       nmap -v --randomize_hosts -p 80 *.*.2.3-5
+       nmap -v --randomize_hosts -p 80 *.*.2.3-5
 
-       Nmap ÂÕÄÅÔ ÉÓËÁÔØ ×ÓÅ ÍÁÛÉÎÙ, IP-ÁÄÒÅÓ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ  ÏËÁÎÞÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ  ÎÁ  .2.3,
-       ÐÏÒÔÙ  ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÎÙÈ  ÈÏÓÔÏ×,  ÕËÁÚÁ×  ÏÐÃÉÀ  ’-sS’.  ÷Ù  ÎÁÊÄÅÔÅ  ÍÎÏÇÏ
-       ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÙÈ  ÍÁÛÉÎ,  ÁÄÒÅÓÁ  ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ  ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÔÓÑ  ÎÁ  127.  ðÏÜÔÏÍÕ   ÍÙ
-       ÒÅËÏÍÅÎÄÕÅÍ  ×ÍÅÓÔÏ  ÐÅÒ×ÏÊ  Ú×ÅÚÄÏÞËÉ  ÕËÁÚÁÔØ  ’127-222’.  ðÏÐÒÏÂÕÊÔÅ
-       ÏÂÑÚÁÔÅÌØÎÏ!
+       ÷ÍÅÓÔÏ  ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÑ  ËÏÎËÒÅÔÎÙÈ  ÁÄÒÅÓÎÙÈ  ÄÉÁÐÁÚÏÎÏ×,  ÉÎÏÇÄÁ  ÂÙ×ÁÅÔ
+       ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÏ ÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÈÏÓÔÙ, ×ÙÂÒÁÎÎÙÅ ÓÌÕÞÁÊÎÙÍ ÏÂÒÁÚÏÍ.  üÔÁ  ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ
+       ÉÝÅÔ  ×ÅÂ-ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÁ,  ip-ÁÄÒÅÓ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÏËÁÎÞÉ×ÁÅÔÓÑ ÎÁ .2.3, .2.4 É .2.5.
+       åÓÌÉ ×ÁÛ ÓÔÁÔÕÓ root, ×Ù ÔÁËÖÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÐÏÒÔÙ ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÅÎÎÙÈ
+       ÈÏÓÔÏ×,  ÕËÁÚÁ×  ÏÐÃÉÀ  ’-sS’.  ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÎÁÊÔÉ ÍÎÏÇÏ ÉÎÔÅÒÅÓÎÙÈ ÍÁÛÉÎ,
+       ÁÄÒÅÓÁ ËÏÔÏÒÙÈ ÎÁÞÉÎÁÀÔÓÑ ÎÁ 127.  äÌÑ  ÜÔÏÇÏ  ÕËÁÖÉÔÅ  ×ÍÅÓÔÏ  ÐÅÒ×ÏÇÏ
+       ÁÓÔÅÒÉÓËÁ ’127-222’.
 
-       host -l company.com | cut -d  -f 4 | ./nmap -v -iL -
+       host -l company.com | cut -d -f 4 | ./nmap -v -iL -
 
-       ðÒÏÓËÁÎÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ DNS ÚÏÎÙ É ÎÁÊÔÉ  ÈÏÓÔÙ  ×  ÄÏÍÅÎÅ  company.com,
-       ÐÅÒÅÄÁ×  ÚÁÔÅÍ  ×  Nmap  ÉÈ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ. ôÁË ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÄÌÑ GNU/Linux.
-       äÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ïó ÏÎÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÉÎÁÞÅ.
+       ðÒÏÓÍÏÔÒÅÔØ  ÓÅÒ×ÅÒÙ  DNS  ÚÏÎÙ  É  ÎÁÊÔÉ  ÈÏÓÔÙ  × ÄÏÍÅÎÅ company.com,
+       ÐÅÒÅÄÁ× ÚÁÔÅÍ × nmap ÉÈ ÁÄÒÅÓÁ. ôÁË ×ÙÇÌÑÄÉÔ ËÏÍÁÎÄÁ ÄÌÑ GNU/Linux,  ÎÏ
+       ÄÌÑ ÄÒÕÇÉÈ ïó ÏÎÁ ÍÏÖÅÔ ×ÙÇÌÑÄÅÔØ ÎÅÓËÏÌØËÏ ÉÎÁÞÅ.
 
 
 

-
÷ïúíïöîùå ïûéâëé
-       åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÌÉ ËÁËÉÅ-ÌÉÂÏ ÓÉÍÐÔÏÍÙ,  ÇÏ×ÏÒÑÝÉÅ  Ï  ÎÅ×ÅÒÎÏÊ  ÒÁÂÏÔÅ
-       ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ,  ÉÌÉ  ÎÁÛÌÉ  ÍÅÓÔÏ  ×  ËÏÄÅ,  ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÑÝÅÅ  Ë ÔÁËÏÍÕ ÜÆÆÅËÔÕ -
-       ÎÅÍÅÄÌÅÎÎÏ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ØÔÅ ÎÁÍ ÜÔÕ ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ. îÅ ÚÁÂÙ×ÁÊÔÅ ÔÁËÖÅ  ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÔØ
-       ÎÁÍ  ÏÔÐÅÞÁÔËÉ  ïó,  ÞÔÏÂÙ ÐÏÐÏÌÎÑÔØ ÂÁÚÕ ÄÁÎÎÙÈ Nmap. ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ×ÙÄÁÓÔ
-       ×ÁÍ  ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÕÀÝÅÅ  ÓÏÏÂÝÅÎÉÅ  É  URL,  ÇÄÅ  ÏÎÁ   ÏÂÎÁÒÕÖÉÌÁ   ÎÏ×ÙÊ
-       ÏÔÐÅÞÁÔÏË.
+
ïûéâëé
+       ïÛÉÂËÉ?  ëÁËÉÅ  ÏÛÉÂËÉ?  åÓÌÉ ×Ù ÎÁÛÌÉ ÏÛÉÂËÉ - ÐÒÏÓØÂÁ ÎÅÚÁÍÅÄÌÉÔÅÌØÎÏ
+       ÓÏÏÂÝÉÔØ Ï ÎÉÈ. (ÖÅÌÁÔÅÌØÎÏ ÐÒÉÓÙÌÁÔØ É ÉÓÐÒÁ×ÌÅÎÉÑ :-) ). îÅ ÚÁÂÙ×ÁÊÔÅ
+       ÔÁËÖÅ   ÐÒÉÓÙÌÁÔØ   ÎÏ×ÙÅ  ÏÔÐÅÞÁÔËÉ  ïó  ÄÌÑ  ÐÏÐÏÌÎÅÎÉÑ  ÏÂÝÅÊ  ÂÁÚÙ.
+       ïÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÊÔÅ  ÉÎÆÏÒÍÁÃÉÀ   ÎÁ   e-mail   fyodor[@]insecure.org   ÉÌÉ   ×
+       ËÏÎÆÅÒÅÎÃÉÀ http://seclists.org/#nmap-dev.
 
 
 

-
á÷ôïòù
-       âÁÚÏ×ÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ: Nmap 3.èè release by Fyodor <fyodor@insecure.org>
-
-       òÕÓÓËÁÑ ×ÅÒÓÉÑ: RuNmap 3.èè, áÌÅËÓÅÊ ÷ÏÌËÏ× <alex@cherepovets-city.ru>
+
á÷ôïò
+       Fyodor <fyodor@insecure.org>
 
 
 

 
òáóðòïóôòáîåîéå
-       îÏ×ÅÊÛÕÀ ×ÅÒÓÉÀ Nmap É RuNmap ×Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÁÍ
+       îÏ×ÅÊÛÕÀ  ×ÅÒÓÉÀ  nmap  ×Ù  ÍÏÖÅÔÅ  ÓËÁÞÁÔØ  ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ http://www.inse-
+       cure.org/nmap/
 
-       http://www.cherepovets-city.ru/insecure
+       ðÒÁ×Á ÎÁ Nmap Security Scanner ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÔ 1996-2004 Insecure.Com  LLC.
+       Nmap  ÔÁËÖÅ  Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ  ÚÁÒÅÇÉÓÔÒÉÒÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ  ÔÏÒÇÏ×ÏÊ ÍÁÒËÏÊ Insecure.Com
+       LLC.  üÔÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ Ñ×ÌÑÅÔÓÑ ÂÅÓÐÌÁÔÎÙÍ  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÍ  ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅÍ.  ÷Ù
+       ÍÏÖÅÔÅ Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÔØ É/ÉÌÉ ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ ÅÅ × ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó
+       ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑÍÉ GNU General Public License, ÏÐÕÂÌÉËÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ  Free  Software
+       Foundation;  ÷ÅÒÓÉÑ  2.  åÓÌÉ  ×Ù ÈÏÔÉÔÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔØ ÔÅÈÎÏÌÏÇÉÉ nmap ×
+       ÞÁÓÔÎÙÈ  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÙÈ  ÐÒÏÄÕËÔÁÈ  -  ÍÙ  ÍÏÖÅÍ  ÐÒÏÄÁÔØ   ÁÌØÔÅÒÎÁÔÉ×ÎÙÅ
+       ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÉ.  ïÂÒÁÝÁÊÔÅÓØ ÎÁ sales@insecure.com
 
-       http://www.insecure.org/
+       üôá ðòïçòáííá ðïóôá÷ìñåôóñ âåú ðòåäïóôá÷ìåîéñ ëáëéè-ìéâï çáòáîôéê.
 
-       nmap (C) 1995-2003 by Insecure.Com LLC
+       üÔÏÔ   ÐÒÏÄÕËÔ   ÔÁËÖÅ   ×ËÌÀÞÁÅÔ   ×   ÓÅÂÑ   ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÎÏÅ  ÏÂÅÓÐÅÞÅÎÉÅ
+       ÐÒÏÉÚ×ÅÄ£ÎÎÏÅ Apache Software Foundation (http://www.apache.org/)
 
-       üÔÁ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ ÂÅÓÐÌÁÔÎÁ, ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÔØ É ×ÎÏÓÉÔØ ÉÚÍÅÎÅÎÉÑ ×
-       ÉÓÈÏÄÎÙÊ ËÏÄ Ó ÓÏÏÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÉÉ Ó ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑÍÉ GNU General Public  License,
-       ÏÐÕÂÌÉËÏ×ÁÎÎÏÊ  Free Software Foundation; ×ÅÒÓÉÑ 2.  üÔÏ ÄÁÅÔ ÷ÁÍ ÐÒÁ×Ï
-       ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÔØ É ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÔØ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ Ó  ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÍÉ  ÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÉÑÍÉ.
-       åÓÌÉ ÷Ù ÎÅ ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÐÒÉÎÑÔØ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÑ ÄÁÎÎÏÊ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÉ, ÷Ù ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÂÒÁÔÉÔØÓÑ
-       Ë ÎÁÍ ÚÁ ÐÒÉÏÂÒÅÔÅÎÉÅÍ ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÈ ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÊ (sales@insecure.com).
+       á×ÔÏÒÓËÉÅ ÐÒÁ×Á ÎÁ ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÕ PCRE  (Perl  Compatible  Regular  Expres-
+       sions), ÓÏÚÄÁÎÎÕÀ Philip Hazel, ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÔ ëÜÍÂÒÉÄÖÓËÏÍÕ õÎÉ×ÅÒÓÉÔÅÔÕ.
+       ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÅÅ - http://www.pcre.org/
 
-       åÓÌÉ   ÷Ù   ÐÏÌÕÞÉÌÉ   ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ   Ó   ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÍÉ    ÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÏÎÎÙÍÉ
-       ÔÒÅÂÏ×ÁÎÉÑÍÉ,  ÏÔÌÉÞÎÙÍÉ  ÏÔ  ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÙÈ ×ÙÛÅ (GNU GPL), ÜÔÏ ÏÚÎÁÞÁÅÔ,
-       ÞÔÏ  ÎÁ  ÐÏÌÕÞÅÎÎÕÀ  ÷ÁÍÉ  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÕ  ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÅÔÓÑ   ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÏÅ
-       ÓÏÇÌÁÛÅÎÉÅ, ÉÍÅÀÝÅÅ ÐÒÅÉÍÕÝÅÓÔ×Ï ÐÅÒÅÄ ÐÒÉ×ÅÄÅÎÎÙÍ ×ÙÛÅ.
-
-       éÓÈÏÄÎÙÊ  ËÏÄ  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ  ×  ÐÏÌÎÏÍ  ÏÂßÅÍÅ  ÐÒÉÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ Ë ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Õ
-       ÐÏÓËÏÌØËÕ ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÉ ÄÏÌÖÎÙ ÉÍÅÔØ ÐÒÁ×Ï ÚÎÁÔØ, ÞÔÏ ÓÄÅÌÁÅÔ  ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ
-       ÐÒÅÖÄÅ,  ÞÅÍ  ÏÎÁ  ÂÕÄÅÔ  ÚÁÐÕÝÅÎÁ.  ëÒÏÍÅ ÔÏÇÏ, ÎÁÌÉÞÉÅ ÉÓÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ
-       ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÑÅÔ ÂÙÓÔÒÏ ÕÓÔÒÁÎÉÔØ ÏÛÉÂËÉ × ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÅ.
-
-       îÁÌÉÞÉÅ  ÉÓÈÏÄÎÏÇÏ  ËÏÄÁ  ÔÁËÖÅ  ÐÏÚ×ÏÌÉÔ  ÐÅÒÅÎÏÓÉÔØ  Nmap  ÎÁ  ÄÒÕÇÉÅ
-       ÐÌÁÔÆÏÒÍÙ  É  ÄÏÂÁ×ÌÑÔØ  ÎÏ×ÙÅ  ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏÓÔÉ.  ÷Ù  ÍÏÖÅÔÅ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÉÔØ ÷ÁÛÉ
-       ÄÏÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ÎÁ ÁÄÒÅÓ  alex@cherepovets-city.ru  É,  ×ÏÚÍÏÖÎÏ,  ÏÎÉ  ÂÕÄÕÔ
-       ×ËÌÀÞÅÎÙ  ×  ÓÌÅÄÕÀÝÉÅ ×ÅÒÓÉÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ. ÷ÙÓÙÌÁÑ ÷ÁÛÉ ÄÏÒÁÂÏÔËÉ ÎÁÍ, ÷Ù
-       ÔÅÍ  ÓÁÍÙÍ  ÐÒÅÄÏÓÔÁ×ÌÑÅÔÅ   Insecure.Org   ÎÅÏÇÒÁÎÉÞÅÎÎÏÅ   ÐÒÁ×Ï   ÎÁ
-       ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÅ,   ÍÏÄÉÆÉËÁÃÉÀ   É  ÒÅÌÉÃÅÎÚÉÒÏ×ÁÎÉÅ  ËÏÄÁ  ÎÁ  Ó×ÏÂÏÄÎÏÅ
-       ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÅÎÉÅ ÓÏÇÌÁÓÎÏ GNU  GPL.  åÓÌÉ  ÷Ù  ÖÅÌÁÅÔÅ  ÏÐÒÅÄÅÌÉÔØ  ÷ÁÛÉ
-       ÄÏÐÏÌÎÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ ÕÓÌÏ×ÉÑ, ÐÒÏÓÔÏ ×ÙÛÌÉÔÅ ÉÈ ÐÅÒÅÄ ×ÙÓÙÌËÏÊ ÓÁÍÏÇÏ ËÏÄÁ.
-
-       ðÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ  ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÅÔÓÑ  Ó  ÎÁÄÅÖÄÏÊ  Á×ÔÏÒÏ×  ÎÁ ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÂÕÄÅÔ
-       ÐÏÌÅÚÎÏÊ ÄÌÑ ÔÅÈ, ËÔÏ ÅÅ ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÕÅÔ, ÎÏ      ;  É  ÂÅÚ
-       ÇÁÒÁÎÔÉÉ  ÎÁ  ÔÏ, ÞÔÏ ÏÎÁ ÎÁÈÏÄÉÔÓÑ  ,   .
-       óÍÏÔÒÉÔÅ GNU General Public License (ÆÁÊÌ COPYING ×  ÄÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÉ×Å  nmap
-       ).
-
-       ôÁËÖÅ  ÚÁÍÅÔÉÍ,  ÞÔÏ  ÒÁÂÏÔÁ  Nmap  ÉÎÏÇÄÁ  ÐÒÉ×ÏÄÉÔ  Ë  ÓÂÏÀ ÎÅËÏÔÏÒÙÈ
-       ÐÒÉÌÏÖÅÎÉÊ, ÓÔÅËÏ× TCP/IP, É ÄÁÖÅ ÏÐÅÒÁÃÉÏÎÎÙÈ ÓÉÓÔÅÍ.   Nmap  
-             ,  ËÏÔÏÒÙÅ  ÍÏÇÕÔ  ÂÙÔØ  ×ÙÚ×ÁÎÙ
-       ÚÁÐÕÓËÏÍ,   ÒÁÂÏÔÏÊ   É   (ÉÌÉ)   ×ÏÚÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÅÍ   ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÙ   ÎÁ   ÌÀÂÙÅ
-       ×ÙÞÉÓÌÉÔÅÌØÎÙÅ  ÓÉÓÔÅÍÙ,  ÓÅÔÉ  É  ÈÏÓÔÙ, ÒÁ×ÎÏ ËÁË ÎÅ ×ÏÚÍÅÝÁÀÔ ÕÝÅÒÂ,
-       ÐÒÉÞÉÎÅÎÎÙÊ   ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑÍÉ   ÔÒÅÔØÉÈ   ÌÉà   ÐÒÉ   ÉÓÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÎÉÉ    Nmap.
-       ïÔ×ÅÔÓÔ×ÅÎÎÏÓÔØ   ÚÁ   ÐÏÄÏÂÎÙÅ   ÄÅÊÓÔ×ÉÑ   ×ÏÚÌÁÇÁÅÔÓÑ   ÎÁ  ÌÉÃ,  ÉÈ
-       ÓÏ×ÅÒÛÉ×ÛÉÈ.
-
-       éÚ ÓÏÏÂÒÁÖÅÎÉÊ ÂÅÚÏÐÁÓÎÏÓÔÉ ÐÒÏÇÒÁÍÍÁ  Nmap  ÎÅ  ÄÏÌÖÎÁ  ÚÁÐÕÓËÁÔØÓÑ  Ó
-       ÐÒÉ×ÉÌÅÇÉÑÍÉ (ÎÁÐÒÉÍÅÒ suid root).
-
-       âÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÁ   Libpcap   ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÅÔÓÑ  ÓÏ×ÍÅÓÔÎÏ  Ó  Nmap.  ÷ÌÁÄÅÌØÃÙ
-       Á×ÔÏÒÓËÏÇÏ  ÐÒÁ×Á:  Van  Jacobson,  Craig  Leres  É   Steven   McCanne,
+       âÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÁ Libpcap ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÅÔÓÑ ×ÍÅÓÔÅ Ó nmap É Á×ÔÏÒÓËÉÅ ÐÒÁ×Á  ÎÁ
+       ÎÅ£   ÐÒÉÎÁÄÌÅÖÁÔ   Van   Jacobson,   Craig  Leres  É  Steven  McCanne,
        îÁÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÁÑ ÌÁÂÏÒÁÔÏÒÉÑ Lawrence Berkley ëÁÌÉÆÏÒÎÉÊÓËÏÇÏ ÕÎÉ×ÅÒÓÉÔÅÔÁ,
-       âÅÒËÌÉ,  ëÁÌÉÆÏÒÎÉÑ.  ÷ÅÒÓÉÑ,  ÒÁÓÐÒÏÓÔÒÁÎÑÅÍÁÑ  Ó  Nmap,  ÍÏÖÅÔ   ÂÙÔØ
-       ÍÏÄÉÆÉÃÉÒÏ×ÁÎÁ.  éÓÈÏÄÎÙÊ  ËÏÄ  ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÉ  ÍÏÖÎÏ  ÐÏÌÕÞÉÔØ  ÐÏ  ÁÄÒÅÓÕ
-       http://www.tcpdump.org .
+       âÅÒËÌÉ,    ëÁÌÉÆÏÒÎÉÑ.    óÅÊÞÁÓ    ÜÔÁ    ÂÉÂÌÉÏÔÅËÁ    ÓÏÐÒÏ×ÏÖÄÁÅÔÓÑ
+       http://www.tcpdump.org.
 
-       ÷ÏÐÒÏÓÙ É ËÏÍÍÅÎÔÁÒÉÉ ÏÔÐÒÁ×ÌÑÊÔÅ ÐÏ ÁÄÒÅÓÕ: alex@cherepovets-city.ru
+       Nmap  ÏÐÃÉÏÎÁÌØÎÏ  ÍÏÖÅÔ  ÂÙÔØ  ÓËÏÍÐÉÌÉÒÏ×ÁÎ  Ó  ÐÏÄÄÅÒÖËÏÊ   OpenSSL.
+       ðÏÄÒÏÂÎÅÅ - http://www.openssl.org/.
+
+       ðÅÒÅ×ÏÄ ÒÕËÏ×ÏÄÓÔ×Á ÐÏÌØÚÏ×ÁÔÅÌÑ ÎÁ ÒÕÓÓËÉÊ : áÊ×É òÉÚÚ 5B43694E5D
 
 
 
diff --git a/nmap-service-probes b/nmap-service-probes
index 29c1616ec..0f88f3dd9 100644
--- a/nmap-service-probes
+++ b/nmap-service-probes
@@ -1638,7 +1638,6 @@ match telnet m|^\xff\xfb\x01\xff\xfb\x03\x1b\[2J\x1b\[0;0H\x1b\[K\x1b\[7mTelnet
 match telnet m|^Telnet server disabled\r\n$| p/F5 BigIP load balancer telnetd/ i/telnet disabled/ d/load balancer/
 match telnet m|^\xff\xfd\x01\xff\xfd\x1f\xff\xfd!\xff\xfb\x01\xff\xfb\x03\r\r\n login: | p/Linksys WRT54G router telnetd/ i/Sveasoft firmware/ d/router/
 match telnet m|^\xff\xfd\x01\xff\xfd\x1f\xff\xfd!\xff\xfb\x01\xff\xfb\x03\r\r\n\(none\) login: | p/BusyBox telnetd/
-match telnet m|^\xff\xfb\x03\xff\xfb\x01$| p/Nokia M1112 router telnetd/ d/router/
 match telnet m|^\xff\xfb\x01Copyright \(C\) \d+ by Compaq Computer Corp\. \r\n\rlogin: | p/Compaq 5450 switch telnetd/ d/switch/
 match telnet m|^\n\r\n\rTHIS IS A MUD BASED ON\.\.\.\.\.\n\r\n\r                                ROM Version (.*)\n| p/ROM-based MUD/ v/$1/
 match telnet m|^\r\n.*Based\(loosely\) on CircleMUD ([\d.]+)|s p/CircleMUD-based MUD telnetd/ v/$1/
@@ -1954,6 +1953,14 @@ match solfe m|^\x02\0\x01\xfb\xff\xfb\xff\xff\xff\xff\xffNOSUP| p/HP PNM Solid F
 match sstp m|^SSTP/([\d.]+) 400 Bad Request\r\n\r\n\0$| p/Sakura Script Transfer Protocol/ i/Protocol $1/
 
 match smux m|^A\x01\x02$| p/Linux SNMP multiplexer/ o/Linux/
+# This could go into the NULL probe, but the problem is that it is a prefix
+
+# of what other routers (at least HP JetDirect printer telentd) send.
+# And at least the JD sends the string below first, before it send the
+# rest in other packets.  So it is best to capture this one here in
+# GenericLines.
+match telnet m|^\xff\xfb\x03\xff\xfb\x01$| p/Nokia M1112 router telnetd/ d/router/
+
 # Solaris 9
 match uucp m|^login: Please enter user name: Password: $| p/Solaris uucpd/ o/Solaris/
 # SunOS 4
diff --git a/nmap_winconfig.h b/nmap_winconfig.h
index 6c6d90686..b802fedaf 100644
--- a/nmap_winconfig.h
+++ b/nmap_winconfig.h
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@
 #ifndef NMAP_WINCONFIG_H
 #define NMAP_WINCONFIG_H
 
-#define NMAP_VERSION "3.84ALPHA2"
+#define NMAP_VERSION "3.90"
 #define NMAP_NAME "nmap"
 #define NMAP_URL "http://www.insecure.org/nmap"
 #define NMAP_PLATFORM "i686-pc-windows-windows"
diff --git a/tcpip.cc b/tcpip.cc
index c1ed961a6..7f903ae50 100644
--- a/tcpip.cc
+++ b/tcpip.cc
@@ -1990,7 +1990,9 @@ void set_pcap_filter(const char *device,
 #endif
   char err0r[256];
   
-  if (pcap_lookupnet(device, &localnet, &netmask, err0r) < 0)
+  // Cast below is becaue OpenBSD apparently has a version that takes a
+  // non-const device (hopefully they don't actually write to it).
+  if (pcap_lookupnet( (char *) device, &localnet, &netmask, err0r) < 0)
     fatal("Failed to lookup subnet/netmask for device (%s): %s", device, err0r);
   
   va_start(ap, bpf);